走進(jìn)哈佛大學(xué)：哈佛法學(xué)院

Harvard Law School (also known as Harvard Law or HLS) is one of the professional graduate schools of Harvard University, and is among the most prestigious institution of legal education in the world. It was founded in 1817, nearly two hundred years later than Harvard College. Despite this, it is still the oldest continuously-operating law school in the United States. Like many law schools in the United States, Harvard Law School offers three major degrees: JD (Doctor of Jurisprudence), LL.M (Master of Laws), and S.J.D. (Doctor of Juridical Science).

哈佛法學(xué)院是哈佛大學(xué)的專業(yè)研宄生學(xué)院之一，也是世界上最權(quán)威的法學(xué)教育機(jī) 構(gòu)之一。它始建立于1817年，大約是哈佛學(xué)院建立之后的200年。盡管如此，它仍是美國(guó)最早持續(xù)辦學(xué)的法學(xué)院。踉美國(guó)的其他許多法學(xué)院一樣，哈怫法學(xué)院有3個(gè)專業(yè)學(xué)位：法學(xué)博士、法律碩士以及司法學(xué)博士。

The Law School is in the northwest of the Harvard Yard, and is close to Kennedy School of Government and Harvard-Yenching Library.

法學(xué)院位于哈佛園的西北角，靠近肯尼迪政治學(xué)院和哈佛燕京圖書館。

The Law School traces its origin to Isaac Royall, who in 1781 left from his estate in nearby Medford to Harvard University, with the proceeds intended to “endow of a Professor of Laws at said college, or a Professor of Physics and Anatomy.” Harvard took the opportunity to fund its first chair in law, and the Roy-all chair continues to support an HLS professor today, more than 200 years later. In 1806, Royall’s heirs sold the rest of his estate and used the funds to establish a school of law at Harvard University. The Royall family coat-of-arms-three stacked wheat sheaves beneath the university motto, Veritas, was adopted as the school’s shield.

法學(xué)院的起源可以追溯到它的創(chuàng)始人艾薩克•羅亞爾，他于1781年在哈佛大學(xué)附 近的梅德福去世并留下遺產(chǎn)。他打算用這些收入來資助一個(gè)法學(xué)教授或物理和解剖學(xué) 教授。哈佛利用這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)來資助首席法律主席。而羅亞爾首席這一職位在200多年后， 到了今天都還在繼續(xù)支持哈佛的教授。1806年，羅亞爾的繼承人賣掉了他剩余的遺產(chǎn)， 用這些基金來建立哈佛大學(xué)的一個(gè)法學(xué)院。羅亞爾家族盾形紋章——哈佛大學(xué)校訓(xùn)“真 理”和下面的三束小麥——成為學(xué)院的院微。

In 1827，the struggling young law school was down to only one faculty member and one student. In this year, an enterprising alumnus stepped in to save the school by establishing the Dane Professorship of Law, and insisting that the chair be given to Joseph Story, the nation's youngest Supreme Court justice. Story believed in the concept of an elite American law school, based on merit and dedicated to public service: a tradition that continues today. A second critical figure in the development of the Law School arrived on the campus in the 1870s. Dean Christopher Columbus Langdell believed that the study of law should be an interactive and disciplined form of education, in which students were challenged directly by teachers, and through which they learned to analyze cases for themselves. In 1872, Langdell introduced the Socratic Method to HLS. This Socratic method of instruction demanded new teaching spaces, and Austin Hall was built on the north side of Harvard Yard to accommodate the School’s new vision.largest library in North American.

在1827年，這個(gè)處在萌芽期努力奮斗的法學(xué)院，只剩下了學(xué)院里面的一個(gè)教員和一名學(xué)生。在那一年，一名有事業(yè)心的校友插手干預(yù)了這件事，通過設(shè)立戴恩法律教授來拯救這間學(xué)校，并且堅(jiān)持要把首席這個(gè)頭銜給國(guó)家最年輕的最高法院法官約瑟夫•斯托里。斯托里相信美國(guó)精英法學(xué)院這個(gè)概念，其基礎(chǔ)是功績(jī) 和為公眾服務(wù)，這個(gè)傳統(tǒng)一直持續(xù)到今天。在法學(xué)院 發(fā)展過程中起到關(guān)鍵作用的第二個(gè)人物是在19世紀(jì)70年代來到哈佛的。蘭格爾主任 相信學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)該是一個(gè)互動(dòng)的和經(jīng)嚴(yán)格訓(xùn)練的教育形式。這樣學(xué)生就會(huì)直接由教師進(jìn)行 挑戰(zhàn)和考驗(yàn)，這樣他們就可以學(xué)到如何自己分析案例。1872年，蘭格爾把蘇格拉底教 學(xué)方法引進(jìn)法學(xué)院。該方法要求新的教學(xué)空間。為滿足這一要求，學(xué)院在哈佛園北邊修建了奧斯汀大堂。