課本中不會教你的[H]341　have作為行為動詞的幾種結(jié)構(gòu)

341　have作為行為動詞的幾種結(jié)構(gòu)

① have+賓語（物）+過去分詞

（1）表示使動，是主語的意志，有意所為，意為“要別人把……做了，把……做了”，have有時可為get代替。

I had my watch fixed. 我讓人修了表。

We had the enemy surrounded. 我們把敵人包圍了。

You must have the passage recited. 你必須背誦這一段。

She had her garden mowed once a month. 她每月請人把花園清理一次。

（2）表示被動，表示意外“遭受，完成某事，經(jīng)受（experience）”，與主語的意志、意愿無關。

I had my watch broken. 我把表弄壞了。（無意弄破）

She had her hat blown off. 她的帽子被風吹落了。

He had his foot severely trodden upon in the bus. 他在公共汽車上腳被人踩傷了。

She had her valuable pictures stolen. 她的珍貴畫被偷了。

He had 1，000 dollars saved. 他存有1000美元。

② have+賓語（人）+動詞原形

這種結(jié)構(gòu)常表示被動的遭受，不是主語的意志所為；還表示讓“某人做某事”，意思上相當于make/let sb. do，為主語的有意所為。本結(jié)構(gòu)的否定式don't have sb. do 表示“不能讓某人做”。

He had the secretary write the report. 他讓秘書寫了報告。

I won't have you blame it on him！我不會允許你無端地責備他。

I will not have you go there alone. 我不會讓你一個人去那兒的。

What ever would you have me do？你究竟想讓我做什么？

His mother would have him study physics. 他母親想讓他學習物理。

③ have+賓語（人、物）+副詞/形容詞

表示使動，是主語的意志所為。

I shall have the desk here. 我要把桌子放在這里。

He had his room clean in order to give her a good impression. 他使房間潔凈，以便給她一個好印象。

I can't have you idle. 我不能讓你什么也不干。

Go and have Shelly over. 去叫雪莉過來一下。

④ have+賓語（人、物）+現(xiàn)在分詞

表示使動，是主語的有意志行為，意為“讓某人做某事，讓某情況發(fā)生”；還含有“聽憑，任憑”的意思。

I can't have him doing that. 我不能讓他做那件事。

I won't have you smoking at your age. 你這個年齡，我不能讓你吸煙。

Don't have the dog running in the yard. 不要讓狗在院子里跑。

He had the lights burning all night long. 他讓燈通宵達旦地亮著。

She had her baby crying for about five minutes. 她任憑嬰兒哭了大約5分鐘。

I had the car waiting outside. 我讓車子在外邊等著。

提示

①這個句型的否定式表示“不允許，不能讓”。

We won't have him idling about doing nothing. 我們不容忍他到處閑蕩無所事事。

②③和④兩種結(jié)構(gòu)有時不表示使動，而表示“經(jīng)受，具有”。

He had a tooth out. 他的一顆牙掉了。

She has a lot of visitors coming. 她有許多客人要來。