課本中不會(huì)教你的[S]595 say，speak，talk，tell和address
595 say，speak，talk，tell和address
① say是及物動(dòng)詞，著重說的具體內(nèi)容，強(qiáng)調(diào)說什么，必須有賓語，可以是從句，從句可以是直接引語，也可以是間接引語。say構(gòu)成的常用短語有：
say a few words說幾句話
say something in English用英語講點(diǎn)什么
say goodbye to向……告別
say nothing to sb. 對(duì)某人什么也不說
say hello to sb. 向某人問好
say something about說點(diǎn)關(guān)于……的事情
Can you say it in English？你能用英語說嗎？
What did you say just now？你剛才說了什么？
I said nothing to her. 我對(duì)她什么也沒說。
② speak常用作不及物動(dòng)詞，著重開口講話，強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)出聲音或運(yùn)用語言的能力，不強(qiáng)調(diào)所說的內(nèi)容；作及物動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，speak常以語言名詞作賓語，如speak English（說英語），speak French（說法語）等。speak to/with sb.意為“對(duì)某人講話”，speak to sb. about sth.意為“同某人講關(guān)于……的情況”。speak后不可跟從句。
Please speak slowly and clearly. 請(qǐng)說慢點(diǎn)，講清楚。
The child can't speak yet. 這孩子還不會(huì)說話。
She can speak Japanese and some other languages. 她能說日語和其他幾種語言。
The teacher is speaking to Tom's father about his studies at school. 老師在同湯姆的父親談湯姆在校的學(xué)習(xí)情況。
She is speaking loudly to the children. 她在向孩子們大聲講話。
比較
用中文說
speak it in Chinese
say it in Chinese
He spoke that he would come.
He said that he would come.
他說他要來。
說中文
say Chinese
speak Chinese
提示
speak還可表示“說實(shí)話，說心里話”等。
Please tell her to speak her thought out. 請(qǐng)告訴她把自己的想法說出來。
She has spoken the truth to him. 她向他講了實(shí)情。
Finally Mary spoke her mind. 最后，瑪麗說出了心里話。
③ talk是不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“說話，交談”，表示進(jìn)行對(duì)話、討論、交換意見等。結(jié)構(gòu)為：
talk with/to sb. 同某人談話
talk about/over sth. 談?wù)撃呈?
talk to sb. about sth. 同某人談?wù)撃呈?
比較
He talked to her. 他同她談話。
He spoke to her. 他對(duì)她講話。
They talked for a long time. 他們談了很長時(shí)間。
She is talking with her mother. 她在同她母親談話。
He talked to me about the book yesterday. 他昨天同我談?wù)摿四潜緯?
They are talking over an important matter. 他們?cè)谟懻撘患匾虑椤?
④ tell是及物動(dòng)詞，意為“告訴”，表示向他人講述某件事、某個(gè)故事等。結(jié)構(gòu)為：
tell sb. sth. 告訴某人某事（雙賓語）
tell sb. about sth. 告訴某人關(guān)于某事
tell sth. to sb. 把……告訴某人
tell sb. to do sth. 告訴某人做某事
比較
tell還可表示“區(qū)別，判斷”。
I can't tell her from her sister. 我難以把她和她妹妹區(qū)分開。
I can't tell which is better. 我不能判斷哪一個(gè)更好。
Please tell the difference between the two. 請(qǐng)說明兩者之間的差異。 He is good at telling stories. 他善于講故事。
Don't tell lies. 不要說謊。
Please tell me her name. 請(qǐng)告訴我她的名字。
She told us about her early life. 她告訴我們關(guān)于她早年的生活。
他告訴孩子們進(jìn)教室。
He said the children to go into the classroom.
He told the children to go into the classroom.
⑤ address用于書面語，表示“向……致詞；演說；稱呼”。
The president will address the meeting. 總統(tǒng)將向大會(huì)致詞/發(fā)表演說。
Please don't address me as CEO. 請(qǐng)不要稱我總裁。（=Please don't call me CEO.）
