百年50部英文燒腦電影賞析:[23]Memento 記憶碎片

導(dǎo)演：克里斯托弗·諾蘭

編?。嚎死锼雇懈?middot;諾蘭

喬納森·諾蘭

主演：蓋·皮爾斯

凱瑞·安·莫斯

喬·潘托里亞諾

首映日期：2000-09-05

The film is cool, contemplative, a puzzle movie in which you see the finished puzzle right up front and then watch as it disassembles itself.

這部電影很酷、讓人沉思，一部謎一樣的電影，你會(huì)在正前方看到謎題，然后看著它自己解開(kāi)。

——Rob Gonsalves, eFilmCritic.com

Ironically, it's one of the most memorable films so far this year.

具有諷刺意味的是，它是今年到目前為止最難忘的電影之一。

——Daniel M. Kimmel, Worcester Telegram & Gazette

Nolan's skill lies in creating an atmosphere for this story.

諾蘭的技巧在于為這個(gè)故事創(chuàng)造一種氣氛。

——Jeffrey M. Anderson

A backwards sequence is shown. It starts with the Polaroid photograph of a dead man. As the sequence plays backwards the photo reverts to its undeveloped state, entering the camera before the man is shot in the head. This is followed by interspersed black-and-white and color sequences, with the black-and-white sequences taking place chronologically before the color sequences.

The black-and-white sequences begin with Leonard Shelby(Guy Pearce)in a motel room speaking to an bunnamed caller. Leonard has anterograde amnesia and is unable to store recent memories, the result of an attack by two men. Leonard killed the attacker who raped and strangled his wife(Jorja Fox), but a second clubbed him and escaped. The police did not accept there was a second attacker, but Leonard believes he is called John with a last name starting with G. Leonard conducts his own investigation using a system of notes, Polaroid photos, and tattoos. As an insurance investigator, Leonard recalls one Sammy Jankis(Stephen Tobolowsky), also diagnosed with the same condition. Sammy's diabetic wife repeatedly requested insulin injections to try to trigger his memory, hoping Sammy would remember the previous dose. He did not and as a result she fell into a coma and died.

The color sequences are shown in reverse chronological order. Leonard gets a tattoo, based on instructions to himself, of the license plate of John G. Finding a note in his clothes, he meets Natalie(Carrie Anne Moss), a bartender who resents Leonard as he wears the clothes and drives the car of her boyfriend, Jimmy(Larry Holden). After understanding his condition, she uses it to get Leonard to drive a man named Dodd(Callum Keith Rennie)out of town and offers to run the license plate to help his investigation. Meanwhile, Leonard meets with a contact, Teddy Gammell(Joe Pantoliano). Teddy helps with Dodd, but warns him about Natalie; however, Leonard has written on a photo of Teddy to not trust him. Natalie provides Leonard the driver's license, which shows a John Edward Gammell, Teddy's full name. Confirming Leonard's information on “John G” and his warnings, Leonard meets Teddy and drives him to an abandoned building, killing him as shown in the opening.

In the final black-and-white sequence, prompted by the caller, Leonard meets Teddy in the motel lobby. Teddy is an undercover officer and has found Leonard's “John G“， Natalie's boyfriend Jimmy Grantz, and directs Leonard to the same abandoned building outside of town. When Jimmy arrives, Leonard strangles him and takes a photo of the body. As it develops the black-and-white transitions to color, thus beginning the color sequences. Leonard swaps clothes with Jimmy, hearing Jimmy whisper “Sammy”. As Leonard has only told the story of Sammy to those he has met, he doubts Jimmy is the attacker. Teddy arrives and asserts that Jimmy was John G but when Leonard is not convinced, Teddy reveals that together they had already found and Leonard had killed the real attacker over a year ago. Teddy claims that Leonard confused elements of his life with that of Sammy, who was a con man with no wife, Leonardo wife was diabetic, had survived the attack and was the one who died in the insulin overdose. Teddy accuses Leonard of creating an unsolvable puzzle to give himself purpose and since “John G” is a common name, he will continually forget, beginning his search again and that even Teddy himself has a “John G” name. After hearing Teddy's exposition, Leonard consciously burns the photograph of Jimmy's body, drives off in Jimmy's car and has Teddy's license plate number tattooed on himself as the one of the second attacker, which will lead to the events of Teddy's death.

電影的一開(kāi)始是回放，從一個(gè)死人的拍立得照片開(kāi)始。由此開(kāi)始回放到未拍照前，到進(jìn)入鏡頭，到這個(gè)男人被槍擊中頭部。然后是黑白和彩色序列的切換，黑白序列事情發(fā)生的時(shí)間順序是在彩色序列之前。

黑白序列是以倫納德·謝爾比(蓋·皮爾斯飾)在一家汽車(chē)旅館里和一個(gè)無(wú)名的招待員說(shuō)話開(kāi)始。倫納德患有健忘癥，無(wú)法存儲(chǔ)短期記憶，因?yàn)樗獾竭^(guò)兩個(gè)男人的攻擊。倫納德殺了其中的一個(gè)，那個(gè)人強(qiáng)奸并掐死了他的妻子(喬雅·?？怂癸?，但是另一個(gè)男人卻用棒子打倒了他，然后逃走了。警方并沒(méi)有認(rèn)可第二個(gè)攻擊者的存在，但倫納德認(rèn)為他叫約翰，姓氏以G開(kāi)頭。倫納德使用一系列紙條、拍立得照片和紋身進(jìn)行自己的調(diào)查。倫納德回憶起薩米·簡(jiǎn)金斯(斯蒂芬·托布羅斯基飾)，一個(gè)保險(xiǎn)調(diào)查員，也被診斷患有相同的病。薩米患有糖尿病的妻子反復(fù)請(qǐng)求他注射胰島素，試圖喚起他的記憶，希望薩米能記得以前的劑量。但是他沒(méi)記起來(lái)，所以她陷入昏迷，并且去世了。

彩色序列是按時(shí)間的先后順序進(jìn)行顯示的。倫納德做了一個(gè)紋身，紋的是對(duì)他自己的說(shuō)明，約翰的車(chē)牌。他在衣服里找到了一張紙條，邂逅了納塔利(凱瑞·安·莫斯飾)，一個(gè)憎恨倫納德穿她男朋友吉米(拉里·霍爾登飾)的衣服、開(kāi)她男朋友的車(chē)的酒吧服務(wù)生。了解到他的情況后，她利用倫納德開(kāi)車(chē)追蹤一個(gè)叫多德(考樂(lè)姆·吉斯·雷尼飾)的人出了城，并提供了他使用的車(chē)牌，幫助他調(diào)查。與此同時(shí)，倫納德遇見(jiàn)了舊相識(shí)泰迪·甘梅爾(喬·潘托里亞諾飾)。泰迪對(duì)多德提供了幫助，警告?zhèn)惣{德要當(dāng)心納塔利;但是倫納德的泰迪的照片上寫(xiě)有“不要相信他”。納塔利給倫納德提供了寫(xiě)有約翰·愛(ài)德華·甘梅爾的駕照，泰迪的全名。印證了倫納德的約翰的信息和他的警告，倫納德和泰迪見(jiàn)面，并把他載到一個(gè)廢棄的建筑，殺了他，就像影片開(kāi)頭顯示的那樣。

在黑白序列的最后，在招待員的提醒下，倫納德和泰迪在汽車(chē)旅館大廳見(jiàn)面。泰迪是個(gè)便衣警官，已找到了倫納德的“約翰·G”，納塔利的男友吉米，并引導(dǎo)倫納德到了城外同一座廢棄的大樓。在吉米到達(dá)時(shí)，倫納德掐死了他，并且給尸體拍了照片。黑白色過(guò)渡到彩色。倫納德和吉米互換衣服時(shí)，聽(tīng)到吉米低語(yǔ)“薩米”。由于倫納德只把薩米的故事給那些見(jiàn)過(guò)的人講過(guò)，所以他懷疑吉米并不是那個(gè)襲擊他的人。泰迪來(lái)了，聲稱(chēng)吉米就是約翰·G。但當(dāng)倫納德表示不相信時(shí)，泰迪透露，他們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)一年多前倫納德已經(jīng)殺了真正的襲擊者。泰迪聲稱(chēng)倫納德把他和薩米的妻子混淆了，他是個(gè)騙子，沒(méi)有妻子。倫納德的妻子患有糖尿病，受到襲擊后幸存，她才是胰島素注射過(guò)量死了的那個(gè)人。泰迪指責(zé)倫納德給自己制造了解不開(kāi)的難題，因?yàn)?ldquo;約翰·G”是一個(gè)常見(jiàn)的名字，他會(huì)不斷地把它忘記，重新開(kāi)始他的再次搜索，甚至泰迪自己也有“約翰·G”的名字。聽(tīng)到泰迪的說(shuō)明之后，倫納德燒毀了吉米尸體的照片，開(kāi)著吉米的車(chē)，把導(dǎo)致泰迪死亡的車(chē)牌號(hào)碼當(dāng)成第二個(gè)襲擊者紋在了自己身上。

重點(diǎn)掌握

■ The color sequences are shown in reverse chronological order.

在英語(yǔ)中，reverse作為名詞解時(shí)，有“背面，反面;相反”的意思，所以文中in reverse是“相反，向相反方向，倒(退)，逆(行、轉(zhuǎn)等)”的意思，比如：But what if that same process could be run in reverse, like a movie run backward?但是，如果相同的過(guò)程逆向運(yùn)行會(huì)怎樣，像一部倒放的電影?

Christopher Nolan Interviewed by David Wood

Following had a fantastic critical response. Memento is a much bigger film in every way. Was it a daunting experience?

It's really daunting to go from having total control and doing your own little thing to having a financial responsibility with people watching and so on. But to be honest the process was similar and I actually enjoyed it a lot. It was all the things I thought I was good at doing, namely visualising the film as it goes on, only on a bigger scale.

The film feels very intimate. Was this a mood which you were keen to retain from Following?

Definitely. Memento seemed like a claustrophobic story even when my brother Jonathan first described it to me. We shot the film in 'Scope with anamorphic lenses because I wanted as clear an image as possible to really put the audience in the lead character's head. Once you start playing with the landscape you feel a lot of texture and a lot of intimacy. And the fact that there are very few wide shots, very few long shots, and no establishing shots at all contribute to this.

The film takes a non-linear approach toward narrative.

Film makers should be able to experiment with narrative without alienating the audience and without creating something that's impenetrable. I actually see myself as a very mainstream film maker and always have. Even though you aren't going to get the answers to all of the questions in the film and it is a kind of unsettling film in lots of ways, if you watch it a couple of times it's pretty much all in there. One of the things I've been most satisfied by the film — after having now watched it with various festival audiences ——is that it really lives on in people's heads.

《追隨》有一個(gè)極好的重大反響。在各方面《記憶碎片》都是更大部頭的電影，這是一個(gè)令人望而生畏的體驗(yàn)嗎?

這部電影的整體控制是很令人畏懼的，做你自己的小事人們觀看有了極好的反響，如此而已。但老實(shí)說(shuō)過(guò)程是類(lèi)似的，其實(shí)從中我享受到很多樂(lè)趣。我思考的全部事情就是我在做我擅長(zhǎng)的事，即審視這部電影，繼而要推動(dòng)的，僅僅是更大的規(guī)模。

這部電影感覺(jué)非常個(gè)人化。這是你渴望保留的《追隨》的一種情緒嗎?

絕對(duì)是。在我的兄弟喬納森首次向我描述它時(shí)，《記憶碎片》似乎是一個(gè)幽閉恐懼癥的故事。我們用畸變鏡頭范圍拍攝這部電影。因?yàn)槲蚁胍M可能清晰的圖像，讓觀眾領(lǐng)先于角色的頭腦，一旦你開(kāi)始隨著場(chǎng)景演繹，你會(huì)有很多紋理和親近的感覺(jué)。事實(shí)上寬鏡頭非常少，長(zhǎng)鏡頭也非常少，根本沒(méi)有確定的鏡頭，歸功于所有這一切。

這部電影采用非線性的方法敘事。電影工作者應(yīng)該能夠嘗試沒(méi)有疏遠(yuǎn)觀眾的敘述，不能創(chuàng)作令人費(fèi)解的東西。我真的看到自己是一個(gè)非常主流的電影制造商，而且一直都是。盡管在這部電影中，你不能得到所有問(wèn)題的答案，在很多方面，這是一部令人不安的電影，如果你看過(guò)幾次，真的幾乎都在里面。我對(duì)這部電影最滿意事情之一是，現(xiàn)在，在各種電影節(jié)上觀眾在看它，那是因?yàn)樗娴幕钤谌藗兊拇竽X里。

影片中出現(xiàn)的紋身店是以艾瑪·托馬斯的名字命名的，艾瑪是導(dǎo)演克里斯托弗·諾蘭的妻子，同時(shí)她也是本片的聯(lián)合制作人之一。

本片有一個(gè)場(chǎng)景是，男主人公倫納德路過(guò)一家漫畫(huà)店。我們能清楚的看見(jiàn)商店的窗戶上有一個(gè)蝙蝠俠的標(biāo)志。后來(lái)，克里斯托弗·諾蘭執(zhí)導(dǎo)了《蝙蝠俠：開(kāi)戰(zhàn)時(shí)刻》和《蝙蝠俠2:黑暗騎士》。

在拍攝倫納德殺死吉米這場(chǎng)戲時(shí)，吉米的扮演者拉里·霍爾登就告訴蓋·皮爾斯，為了效果逼真，要真動(dòng)手打他。皮爾斯，這位健美愛(ài)好者，遵照了霍爾登忠告。后果可想而知，在拍攝完這場(chǎng)戲后，霍爾登滿身淤青。

導(dǎo)演克里斯托弗·諾蘭的本田思域在本片也有出現(xiàn)，是在汽車(chē)旅館外面停在了主人公倫納德·謝爾比的美洲虎旁邊。