第13章　動詞句型 13.5　第四類句型——主語 + 系動詞 + 表語

13.5　第四類句型——主語+系動詞+表語

13.5.1　主語+系動詞+形容詞（24）

這是最常見的句型之一，共有下面幾種情況：

1) 有些系動詞表示處于某種狀態(tài)：

How are you? "I'm fine." “你好么?”“我挺好。”

She felt a bit dizzy. 她感到有點頭暈。

You're not looking very well. 你氣色不太好。

The dish smells good. 這盤菜聞起來不錯。

The medicine tastes awful. 這藥難吃極了。

The report sounds true. 這報道聽起來是真實的。

He seemed quite normal. 他顯得很正常。

She appeared calm. 她看上去很鎮(zhèn)靜。

2) 有些系動詞表示狀態(tài)的改變或證明如何：

Gradually he became silent. 慢慢地他安靜了下來。

When she saw this, she turned red. 看到這她臉紅了。

The weather is getting quite warm. 天氣變得相當暖和。

The sea is growing calm. 大海變得平靜起來。

She went pale at the news. 聽見這消息，她臉色變得蒼白。

Things will come right in the end. 情況最后會變好的。

When he saw this, his blood ran cold. 看到這情景，他不寒而栗。

He has fallen ill. 他生病了。

His advice proved sound. 他的告誡證明是對的。

3) 有些系動詞表示狀態(tài)的繼續(xù)：

She remained comparatively calm. 她保持相對鎮(zhèn)靜。

They stayed awake to see the eclipse. 他們熬夜來看月蝕。

Jennie, alone, kept silent. 只有珍妮保持沉默。

His temper continued very uncertain. 他的脾氣仍然喜怒無常。

This law holds good. 這項法律依然有效。

4) 有些系動詞后面可跟現(xiàn)在分詞（a）或過去分詞（b）（其中很多已變成形容詞）：

a． This food looks inviting. 這食物看上去令人垂涎。

Those chocolates smell tempting. 那些巧克力聞起來很誘人。

The results of the explosion were appalling. 爆炸的結果很可怕。

She remained standing for a good hour. 她足足站了一個鐘頭。

His theory sounds convincing. 他的理論聽起來很有說服力。

She seemed lacking in enthusiasm. 她似乎缺乏熱情。

b． She always seems pleased, happy and contented. 她總是顯得開心、幸福和滿足。

He felt troubled and distressed. 他感到很煩惱痛苦。

She didn't look convinced. 她顯得不太信服。

He nearly got hit by that car. 他差點被那輛車撞了。

After a time I grew dissatisfied with the work. 過了一段時間我對這工作感到不滿起來。

The boundary question remained unsolved. 邊界問題仍然沒有解決。

關于這種用法可參閱第12.3.2節(jié)和12.4.2節(jié)。

5) 在個別不及物動詞后也可跟一形容詞作表語：

The prisoner broke free. 囚犯越獄出逃。

The soldiers have returned safe and sound. 士兵們平安無事地回來了。

The morning dawned bright. 這天早晨天亮時天氣晴朗。

Many talented people died young. 許多有才華的人年紀輕輕就夭亡了。

She sat motionless with horror. 她嚇得一動不動呆坐在那里。

The rent falls due today. 房租今天該交了。

I stand prepared to dispute it. 我準備好對它提出質(zhì)疑。

Ten others lay wounded there. 另外十個人受了傷躺在那里。

He played dead. 他躺下裝死。

這類表語接近于一個狀語。

13.5.2　主語+系動詞+名詞（代詞）（25）

1) 有許多系動詞后面可跟名詞（代詞）作表語：

That girl was my fiancée (me). 那女孩是我的未婚妻（我）。

His dream has at last become a reality. 他的夢想終于成為現(xiàn)實。

He used to be a teacher till he turned writer. 他過去是教師后來成了作家。

He stood there and felt a stranger. 他站在那里，覺得自己像個陌生人。

We can remain friends. 我們可以繼續(xù)做朋友。

She looks a grown-up young woman now. 現(xiàn)在她看起來像個大姑娘了。

The affair rests a mystery. 這件事一直是個謎。

He appeared a fool. 他看上去像個傻瓜。

It seems to me a very marvellous book. 這在我看來是一本很出色的書。

It sounds a good idea. 這聽起來是個好主意。

He fell (a) victim to her charms. 他成了她媚力的俘虜。

2) 有少數(shù)其他動詞后面也可跟名詞作表語：

He died a martyr at his post. 他殉職了。

I still stand your friend. 我仍然是你的朋友。

From these debates the Prime Minister emerged victor. 在這些辯論中首相獲勝。

They parted the best of friends. 他們分手時是最要好的朋友。

Don't act the fool. 別發(fā)傻了。

She often played the great lady. （玩耍時）她經(jīng)常假扮貴婦人。

3) 有些名詞可作表語，意思接近于形容詞：

He was all attention (sweetness). 他聚精會神（非常和藹可親）。

She was all tears (smiles). 她淚流滿面（滿面笑容）。

He is skin and bones. 他骨瘦如柴。

All this is no use. 這一切都沒用。

They are the same size (age). 它們大小相同（他們年齡相同）。

I am not fool enough to believe that. 我沒傻到相信這個。

What colour is your shirt? 你的襯衫什么顏色？

What nationality is this man? 這人是哪國人？

13.5.3　主語+系動詞+副詞（26）

1) 動詞be可跟許多副詞作表語：

Is Helen in? 海倫在家嗎？

I have been out for a walk. 我出去散步了。

But I've got to be off now. 不過現(xiàn)在我得走了。

I'll see if he is around. 我會留意他在不在附近。

If he's not here, he's about somewhere. 如果他不在這兒，那就在附近什么地方。

She had been away on a long trip. 她出遠門去了。

All right, I'll be down immediately. 好的，我馬上就下樓來。

The television was still on. 電視還開著。

Summer is over—it is autumn. 夏天已經(jīng)過去——現(xiàn)在是秋天了。

When will you be through (with your work)? 你什么時候（事情）可以干完？

He was up all night with a sick child. 他照顧生病的孩子一夜沒睡。

When will you be back? 你什么時候回來？

2) 還有少數(shù)其他系動詞也可以這樣用：

I feel down today. 我今天心情不佳。

He looks awfully down. 他看來情緒很低落。

You'd better keep away from that chap. 你最好離那個家伙遠點。

I don't feel up to the long journey. 我感到身體不適，不能勝任這次長途旅行。

13.5.4　主語+系動詞+介詞短語（27）

1) 大部分介詞都可引導短語作表語：

I want to consult you. It's about my boy. 我來向你請教，是關于我兒子的事。

The bus stop is just across the road. 公共汽車站就在馬路對面。

You know what you are after. 你知道你在尋求什么。

It's against your conscience, but you still want to do it. 這是違背你良心的，但你還是想這樣做。

Paris is among the largest cities in the world. 巴黎是全世界最大的城市之一。

I was at a loss what to say. 我不知道說什么好。

The darkest hour is before the dawn. 黎明之前最黑暗。

They are fully behind his welfare policy. 他們完全支持他的福利政策。

She was beside herself with joy. 她高興得要命。

The temperature is between 80°and 90° 氣溫在八九十度之間。

To do this was quite beyond my power. 這樣的事我遠遠做不到。

Whom is that book by? 這本書是誰寫的？

She was for abandoning the project. 她主張放棄這項工程。

This music is from one of Mozart's operas. 這段音樂取自莫扎特的一部歌劇。

These mobile phones are in great demand. 這種手機需求量很大。

I had only been inside their house once. 我只進過他們家一次。

She is like a narcissus trembling in the wind. 她像一株在風中顫動的水仙花。

Cork Street was near Bond Street. 考克街在邦得街附近。

He was of an excitable temperature. 他是一種好激動的性格。

She is off smoking. 她戒煙了。

He is out of work at present. 他眼下失業(yè)了。

The workers were on strike. 工人們在罷工。

They had been through a lot of hardships. 他們受過很多苦。

Have you ever been to Beijing? 你到過北京嗎？

All the children were under seven. 所有這些孩子都不到七歲。

Anna was with child again now. 安娜現(xiàn)在又懷孕了。

The task is not within my powers. 這項任務非我能力所及。

His face was without expression. 他臉上毫無表情。

2) 一些其他系動詞也可跟這種表語：

They remained in sad poverty. 他們?nèi)赃^著凄楚貧困的日子。

He seemed on the watch to control himself. 他似乎很注意控制自己。

Keep off the grass. 請勿踐踏草地。

He looked in splendid health. 他看起來身體很棒。

It has grown out of date. 這已變得過時了。

They ran out of petrol. 他們的汽油用完了。

I wish I could get out of debt. 但愿我能償清債務。

3) 這類結構后可能還跟另一個介詞短語：

He is in charge of the trade union work. 他負責工會工作。

He is in command of the First Division. 他指揮第一師。

These ballads are of special interest to us. 對這些歌謠我們特別感興趣。

His actions are not in keeping with his promises. 他的行為與他的諾言不相符。

We are always on the lookout for new business opportunities. 我們一直在尋找新的商機。

The students are in favour of reform. 學生們贊同改革。

This book may be of use to you. 這本書可能對你有用。

We were completely at a loss for an answer. 我們?nèi)徊恢撊绾位卮稹?/p>

He was on the point of leaving when the phone rang. 他正要走時電話鈴響了。

We must get in touch with her. 我們必須和她取得聯(lián)系。

Soon he fell in love with her. 不久他愛上了她。

He seemed out of touch with the outside world. 他似乎和外界失去了聯(lián)系。

13.5.5　主語+系動詞+不定式（28）

1) 有時可用不定式作表語：

His plan is to keep the affair secret. 他的計劃是將此事保密。

Their aim was to modernize their agriculture. 他們的目標是實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化。

Your job is to make sure that the work is finished on time. 你的任務是保證按時完成這項工作。

My duty is to get you away, to save you. 我的職責是帶你離開，把你救出來。

His purpose was to become a surgeon. 他的目標是當一名外科醫(yī)生。

Their goal was to eradicate malaria. 他們的目標是消滅瘧疾。

The main objective of this policy is to reduce unemployment. 這一政策的主要目的是減少失業(yè)。

My ambition is to become a pilot. 我的志愿是當一名飛行員。

My only wish is to do what's best for you. 我唯一的愿望是為你做到最好。

The problem was to find the right place quickly. 問題是要迅速找到合適的地點。

My advice to you is to speak the truth. 我對你的忠告是講真話。

The only thing now is to take a taxi. 目前唯一的辦法是叫一輛出租車。

2) 不定式有時需用被動形式：

These books are to be read for pleasure. 這些書是供看著玩的。

Surely she was to be trusted. 她無疑是值得信賴的。

This house is to be let. 這所房子供出租。

13.5.6　主語+系動詞+動名詞（29）

1) 系動詞be后面有時跟動名詞作表語：

Her hobby is collecting stamps. 她的愛好是集郵。

His occupation was teaching. 他的職業(yè)是教書。

My job is repairing cars. 我的工作是修車。

Her main interest is playing tennis. 她的主要興趣是打網(wǎng)球。

My favourite sport is swimming. 我最喜歡的運動是游泳。

Our problem is not having sufficient fund. 我們的問題是資金不足。

His weakness is not having enough confidence in himself. 他的弱點是自信心不足。

Their favourite pastime is playing chess. 他們最喜歡的消遣是下棋。

2) 有時主語和表語都是動名詞：

Buying such a white elephant is simply wasting money. 買這樣大而無用的東西簡直就是浪費金錢。

Talking to him is talking to a wall. 和他談話是白費勁。

Doing that would be playing with fire. 那樣做等于玩火。

13.5.7　主語+系動詞+從句

1) 最常見的這類表語是that引導的從句（that有時省略）（30）：

Their first idea was that he had hidden it. 他們首先想到的是他把它藏起來了。

My opinion is that the plan won't work. 我的意見是這個計劃行不通。

His view is that it's better not to increase investments. 他的看法是最好別增加投資。

The fact is, I never liked him. 事實是我從來沒喜歡過他。

His only fault is that he lacks ambition. 他唯一的缺點是缺乏雄心壯志。

The reason for my lateness is that I missed my bus. 我遲到的原因是沒趕上公共汽車。

The only trouble is the plan won't work. 唯一的問題是這計劃行不通。

What surprised me was that he spoke English so well. 使我吃驚的是他英語講得這么好。

2) 有些作表語的從句由連接代詞（副詞）引導（31）：

The question is what you want to do. 問題是你想干什么。

The problem is who can be put in charge of the job. 問題是誰能來負責此事。

What I want to know is how we can solve the fuel problem. 我想知道的是我們怎樣才能解決燃料問題。

That's where we differ. 這就是我們的分歧所在。

That's how I look at it. 這就是我的看法。

That's why I came round. 這就是我來的原因。

The coat is where you left it. 大衣還在你原來放的地方。

April is when the lilacs bloom. 四月是丁香花開的季節(jié)。

3) 從句有的由關系代詞型的what引導（32）：

That's what I wish to do. 這就是我想做的事。

That's what I'm here for. 我來的目的就是這個。

Power is what they are after. 他們所追求的就是權力。

Times aren't what they were. 時代不同了。

13.5.8　主語+系動詞+形容詞+介詞短語（33）

1) 這種結構是非常多的，“be+形容詞+介詞”已成為習慣用語，有時相當于一個及物動詞：

She was afraid of (=feared) snakes. 她怕蛇。

We are short of (=lack) funds. 我們?nèi)狈Y金。

She is fond of this country. 她喜歡這個國家。

I was frightened of rats then. 那時候我很怕老鼠。

He was very conscious of his shortcomings. 他很清楚自己的缺點。

She was delighted with the boat. 她非常喜歡那條小船。

We are very pleased with our new house. 我們很喜歡自己的新屋。

I have always been interested in Chinese history. 我一向?qū)χ袊鴼v史很有興趣。

I'm rather proud of this place. 為這地方我感到相當驕傲。

I'm tired of living abroad. 我在國外居住已經(jīng)厭倦了。

I was sick of lying in bed. 我已經(jīng)在床上躺煩了。

She was disappointed with him (at the outcome of the talks). 她對他（談判結果）感到失望。

We were confident of his ability (in the future). 我們對他的能力（未來）有信心。

He was worried about you. 他為你擔心。

I'm ignorant of mathematics (what happened). 我對數(shù)學（發(fā)生的事）一無所知。

He's well qualified for the job. 他完全有條件做這工作。

I'm not equal to the position. 我不勝任這職位。

I don't believe he is capable of winning it. 我不相信他能獲勝。

I'm surprised (amazed) at his attitude. 我對他的態(tài)度感到驚訝。

These plans are subject to their approval. 這些計劃有待他們批準。

2) 一些其他系動詞也可用于這類結構：

She looked astonished at the news. 聽到這消息她顯得很吃驚。

I've got (become) used to a vegetarian diet (hard work). 我已習慣于吃素食（干苦活）。

He feels confident of passing the examination. 他有信心通過考試。

I've grown accustomed to traveling. 我已經(jīng)習慣于旅行了。

They seem delighted with the result. 他們似乎對結果很滿意。

We're running short of funds. 我們的資金不多了。

She remained ignorant of what had happened. 她對發(fā)生的事仍然一無所知。

He proved quite equal to the task. 他證明完全勝任這項工作。

Your exam results fell short of our expectations. 你的考試成績沒達到我們的期望。

13.5.9　主語+系動詞+形容詞+不定式（34）

I'm glad to have the opportanity of talking to you. 我很高興有機會和你交談。

I was very sorry to hear that you were ill. 聽說你病了我很難過。

I'm happy to meet you. 我很高興見到你。

I'm anxious to visit your country. 我亟盼訪問貴國。

She was eager to see her people. 她急于見到她的家人。

He was keen to visit China. 他很想訪問中國。

He's always ready to help people. 他總是樂于助人。

We're proud to be Chinese citizens. 作為中國公民我們感到驕傲。

They're all willing to help. 他們都愿意幫忙。

I'm inclined to think she's right. 我傾向于認為她是對的。

We are determined to follow his example. 我們決心仿效他的榜樣。

They are prepared to make concessions. 他們準備作出讓步。

She was afraid to tell you. 她害怕告訴你。

He was reluctant to go with them. 他不愿意和他們一道走。

Glass is liable to break. 玻璃很容易破碎。

He is content to live a simple life. 他甘愿過簡樸的生活。

13.5.10　主語+系動詞+形容詞+從句

1) 這類結構用that引導的從句時較多（that有時省略）（35）：

I'm afraid there is some sort of misunderstanding. 恐怕有誤會的地方。

I'm awfully sorry that this has occurred. 發(fā)生了這樣的事我非常抱歉。

I'm glad you have come. 我很高興你來了。

I'm sure he meant well. 我肯定他是好意。

I am certain (positive) that he had seen me. 我肯定他看見了我。

He's confident that he will pass the exam. 他有信心能通過考試。

I'm convinced that he knew the truth. 我相信他知道事實真相。

You must be aware that what you are doing is illegal. 你一定知道你的行為是非法的。

He was delighted that we were successful in our experiment. 他很高興我們的試驗成功了。

I'm disappointed that you cannot come. 你不能來我很失望。

I'm surprised (astonished) he didn't come. 他沒來我很吃驚。

He was thankful that the journey was over. 旅行結束了他很欣慰。

They were hopeful that they will win the championship. 他們對奪冠抱有希望。

He suddenly became conscious that someone was looking at him. 他突然意識到有人在看他。

The team feels proud that it has won every match this year. 該隊為今年比賽獲得全勝而感到驕傲。

I'm irritated that he is so stubborn. 他那樣固執(zhí)真讓我生氣。

2) 有時從句由連接代（副）詞引導（36）：

We're not clear yet what they're up to. 我們還不清楚他們想干什么。

I was not sure what I ought to do. 我不能肯定我該做什么。

He's doubtful whether he can afford it. 他懷疑他能否出得起這筆錢。

She was not aware (of) how much her husband earned. 她不清楚她丈夫掙多少錢。

I am not certain who he is. 我不能肯定他是誰。

I'm worried (about) how the money was spent. 我煩惱的是這錢是怎么花掉的。

They were uncertain whether they could find time to do it. 他們不能肯定是否能找到時間做這事。

I'm undecided whether to go to France or Italy for my holidays. 我還沒決定是去法國還是去意大利度假。