第20章　謂　語(yǔ) 20.4　主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的一致

20.4　主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的一致

20.4.1　主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)在數(shù)上一致

1) 主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)必須在數(shù)上一致，即復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)須用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)，單數(shù)主語(yǔ)須用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)，不受修飾語(yǔ)的影響：

The results of the research are to be published soon. 研究成果不久將發(fā)表。

The theory advanced by these scientists is quite convincing. 這些科學(xué)家提出的理論相當(dāng)有說服力。

What are his views on this subject? 他對(duì)這問題持什么觀點(diǎn)？

The suggestion put forward by the girls has been accepted. 姑娘們提的建議被接受了。

2) 如果主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)抽象概念，一般都用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)：

Smoking cigarettes is hazardous to your health. 吸煙危害健康。

Training astronauts is not an easy task. 訓(xùn)練宇航員不是一件容易的工作。

That she should oppose these ideas is quite natural. 她反對(duì)這些意見是很自然的。

Senior citizens means people over sixty.“年長(zhǎng)公？”指六十歲以上的人。

3) 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是and連接的兩個(gè)名詞時(shí)，在指一樣?xùn)|西時(shí)用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)，若指兩樣?xùn)|西，則需用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)：

Iron and steel industry plays an important role in our national economy. 鋼鐵工業(yè)在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中起著重要作用。

The food and textile industry depend mainly on agriculture for raw material.食品工業(yè)和紡織工業(yè)主要依靠農(nóng)業(yè)提供原料。

To try and fail is better than not to try at all. 嘗試而失敗也比不嘗試好。

To mean to do something and to actually do it are two different things. 打算做某事和真正去做完全是兩回事。

4) 如果主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，盡管后面跟有with，together with，as well as，except這類詞引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)仍用單數(shù)形式，因?yàn)檫@種短語(yǔ)多為修飾語(yǔ)：

An iron and steel works, with several satellite factories, is being built in that city. 在那個(gè)城市正在修建一座鋼鐵廠和幾家衛(wèi)星工廠。

John, together with his wife, was at the party. 約翰和他的妻子參加了晚會(huì)。

Lily as well as Helen was in mourning. 莉莉和海倫都在帶孝。

Everybody except Tim speaks some Chinese. 除了蒂姆每人都能講點(diǎn)漢語(yǔ)。

No one but myself knows anything about it. 除了我沒有人知道此事。

20.4.2　某些代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)

1) each和some，any，no，every構(gòu)成的代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)都用單數(shù)形式：

Two boys entered. Each was carrying a suitcase. 兩個(gè)小伙子進(jìn)來了，每人提著一個(gè)箱子。

Somebody wants to see you, sir. 有人要見你，先生。

Is there anything I can do for you? 我能幫你做什么嗎？

There's really nothing to be said. 真的沒什么話可說。

Everybody was glad to see her back. 看見她回來大家都很高興。

2) both，some，many，few，all（of them）后的謂語(yǔ)多用復(fù)數(shù)形式：

Both (of them) are English. 兩個(gè)都是英國(guó)人。

Many are for going by plane. 許多人都贊成坐飛機(jī)去。

Some (of them) are still out of work. （我們）有些人依然失業(yè)。

Few of my friends like Sheila. 我的朋友中沒什么人喜歡希拉。

All present are against the idea. 所有在場(chǎng)的人都反對(duì)這個(gè)主意。

代表不可數(shù)東西的代詞則跟單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)：

So all is going well. 因此一切都進(jìn)展順利。

Every little helps. （諺）點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴都有用。

Some of the milk has gone sour. 有部分牛奶酸掉了。

3) 有些代詞可跟單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)，也可跟復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)意思來決定：

在個(gè)別情況下用單復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)都可以：

Is (Are) there any left? 還剩一些（幾個(gè)）嗎？

Neither of the days is (are) suitable. 兩個(gè)日子都不合適。

None of the telephones is (are) working. 沒有一部電話是好的。

20.4.3　一些集體名詞作主語(yǔ)的情況

1) 有些集體名詞都指復(fù)數(shù)的人或動(dòng)物，后面都用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)；

The police are going to question him. 警察將審訊他。

The media are covering the presidential election thoroughly. 傳媒在詳細(xì)報(bào)導(dǎo)總統(tǒng)選舉。

Cattle are allowed to graze on the village common. 牛群被允許到村子的公有草地上放牧。

Most bacteria grow best in slightly acid medium. 多數(shù)細(xì)菌在微酸性的介質(zhì)中生長(zhǎng)最好。

2) 有些集體名詞可跟單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)，也可跟復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)，視作整體時(shí)跟單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)，著重于所包含的成員時(shí)，則可跟復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)：

有些集體名詞后面的謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都可以：

The enemy is (are) retreating. 敵軍正在后撤。

The school's teaching staff is (are) excellent. 這所學(xué)校教師素質(zhì)很好。

The jury is (are) about to announce the winner. 裁判團(tuán)即將宣布優(yōu)勝者名單。

The data is (are) correct. 這些數(shù)據(jù)是正確的。

3) 有些集體名詞通常跟單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)：

The Opposition was quick to reply to the charge. 反對(duì)黨迅速對(duì)指控作出反應(yīng)。

The entire community is behind the appeal. 整個(gè)社區(qū)都支持這項(xiàng)呼吁。

The local press there is full of lies. 那里的地方報(bào)刊充滿謊言。

The play's cast was given a standing ovation. 劇組演員受到觀眾起立鼓掌。

20.4.4　某些名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的情況

1) 有些名詞，隨著意思的不同，有時(shí)跟單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)，有時(shí)跟復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)：

2) 有些單復(fù)同形的名詞要根據(jù)意思決定謂語(yǔ)的形式：

3) 一些以-s結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞，后面謂語(yǔ)也都作單數(shù)：

Phonetics is a required subject in our department. 語(yǔ)音學(xué)是我們系的一門必修課。

Billiards is becoming more and more popular. 打臺(tái)球越來越流行。

Measles is a contagious disease. 麻疹是一種傳染病。

A crossroad is a place where two roads meet and cross. 十字路口是兩條路交叉的地方。

Mathematics is a subject studied nearly in every school. 數(shù)學(xué)是幾乎每個(gè)學(xué)校都學(xué)的課程。

也有些以-s結(jié)尾的詞后面可跟單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)：

Mumps are (is) fairly rare in adults. 成年人患腮腺炎的相當(dāng)少。

Mathematics is (are) well taught in our school. 我們學(xué)校數(shù)學(xué)教得很好。

Their headquarters are (is) in New York. 他們的總部在紐約。