高中語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)練：i. 并列主語(yǔ)的主謂一致

i. 并列主語(yǔ)的主謂一致

1. 主謂一致的三原則

1）語(yǔ)法一致的原則：主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)在語(yǔ)法形式上是一致的。

We all love our parents.

我們都愛(ài)我們的父母。

The girl has found her mother.

那個(gè)女孩子找到了她的母親。

2）就近原則：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與離其最近的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致。

There's a pen and three books on the desk.

課桌上面有一支鋼筆和三本書(shū)。

Is either he or you wrong?

是他還是你錯(cuò)了？

3）意義一致的原則：在意義上主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)是保持一致的。

Her family are all model workers.

她全家都是模范工作者。

Three years in a strange place seems like a long time .

在一個(gè)陌生的地方呆三年就好像很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。

2. 由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但是，當(dāng)并列主語(yǔ)指同一人、同一物、同一事情或同一概念時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

John and Mary are my good friends.

約翰和瑪麗是我的好朋友。（主語(yǔ)是兩個(gè)人）

My desk mate and good friend is Henry.

我的同桌和好朋友是亨利。（主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人）

The hammer and sickle is hanging on the wall.

黨旗掛在墻上。

常見(jiàn)的有：cart and horse, war and peace, needle and thread, coffee and milk, bread and butter, law and order, watch and chain, iron and steel, fork and knife, all work and no play（只工作不娛樂(lè)），science and technology, truth and honesty等。

3. 冠詞在并列主語(yǔ)中的用法

1）在“并列修飾語(yǔ)+單數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，并列主語(yǔ)指同一人或事物時(shí)共用一個(gè)冠詞，主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)。

The white and black cat is mine.

那只花貓是我的。

The singer and dancer scholar is coming.

那個(gè)歌舞家學(xué)者要來(lái)了。

The scholar and poet stateman is making a speech.

那位學(xué)者兼詩(shī)人政治家在發(fā)言。

2）and連接兩個(gè)帶冠詞的名詞時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，指不同的人或事物。

The singer and the dancer are talking now.

那位歌唱家和那位舞蹈家現(xiàn)在正在談話。

The scholar and the poet are making a speech.

那位學(xué)者和那位詩(shī)人正在發(fā)言。

4. 當(dāng)結(jié)構(gòu)是and + not時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)與and前的主語(yǔ)一致。

The farmer and not the businessmen is hurt when food price falls.

當(dāng)食品價(jià)格下落時(shí)，是農(nóng)民而不是商人們受到傷害。

The doll and not the building blocks is her favorite toy.

那個(gè)洋娃娃而不是積木是她最鐘愛(ài)的玩具。

5. 當(dāng)and連接的并列主語(yǔ)前分別由each, every, no, many a等修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。但是，當(dāng)each放并列主語(yǔ)之后作同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)不受影響。

Many a boy and (many a) girl has seen the film.

很多男孩和女孩都看過(guò)這部電影。

No teacher and no student agrees to have classes on Sundays.

沒(méi)有師生同意星期天上課。

At Christmas each boy and each girl is given a present.

在圣誕節(jié)每個(gè)孩子都給一份禮物。

The boy and the girl each have a pen.

那個(gè)男孩和女孩每人有一支筆。

6. 由both ... and連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。

Both rice and wheat grow in this part of China.

中國(guó)這個(gè)地區(qū)生長(zhǎng)大米和小麥。

7. 由not only ... but also, not ... but, either ... or, neither ... nor, or連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)根據(jù)就近原則而定。

Not one, but all, of us are hoping to be there.

我們當(dāng)中不是一個(gè)而是所有人都希望到那里。

No students or their teacher was late for school yesterday.

昨天沒(méi)有師生上學(xué)遲到。

One or two students have been to Shanghai before.

一兩個(gè)同學(xué)以前去過(guò)上海。

8. 在疑問(wèn)句或主謂倒裝句子中，謂語(yǔ)與前一個(gè)主語(yǔ)一致。

Here is his book and pencils.

這是他的書(shū)和鉛筆。

Are you or he a student?

是你還是他是學(xué)生？

There is one word or two on the blackboard.

黑板上有一兩個(gè)單詞。

9. 由疑問(wèn)副詞并列構(gòu)成的主語(yǔ)從句，不管疑問(wèn)詞有多少，謂語(yǔ)一律用單數(shù)。

When and where we should begin our work has not been decided yet.

我們將要在何時(shí)何地開(kāi)始我們的工作還沒(méi)有決定。

專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)

1. Writing stories and poems _______ what I enjoy most.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. were

2. The factory director and chief engineer _______ an experienced person.

A. is

B. are

C. am

D. was

3. Not only you and I but Peter, the top student in our grade _______ not able to solve the problem.

A. are

B. were

C. is

D. am

4. Neither Jane nor her brothers _______ a consent form for tomorrow's field trip.

A. need

B. needs

C. is needing

D. has need

5. Today there _______ a number of telephone calls from the applications for the position.

A. have been

B. is having

C. has been

D. are to have

6. Many a boy _______ to swim before he can read.

A. learn

B. are learning

C. have learnt

D. learns

7. Not only the whole nation, but the whole Europe, indeed the whole human society _______ to alter its attitude to racial problems.

A. need

B. needs

C. has a need

D. have a need

8. It is not the tools a scientist uses but how he use the tools that _______.

A. make him a scientist

B. made him to be a scientist

C. make him to be scientist

D. makes him a scientist

9. The playwright and director _______ promised to attend our tea party.

A. have

B. has

C. are

D. is

10. The Premier and the Foreign Minister _______ present at the state banquet last night.

A. are

B. was

C. were

D. had a

11. Every policeman and fireman _______ on the alert.

A. have been

B. was

C. are

D. were

12. The linebacker and captain of the team _______ the most valuable player.

A. have been selected

B. has been selected

C. have selected

D. has selected

13. _______ either he or his accountants going to claim for the loss?

A. Are

B. Were

C. Is

D. Does

14. There _______ not only the earth but also eight other planets in the solar system.

A. are

B. were

C. is

D. was

15. Either your teacher or you _______ mistaken.

A. are

B. is

C. has

D. be

16. Not only I but Tom and Mary _______ fond of watching television.

A. am

B. is

C. are

D. be

17. Bacon and scrambled eggs _______ the standard American breakfast.

A. is

B. are

C. is to be

D. are to be

18. When and where to build the new factory _______ yet.

A. has not been decided

B. are to decide

C. has not decided

D. have not decided

19. It is not I but Mr. Green who _______ in charge of the company.

A. is

B. am

C. are

D. will

20. The editor and writer _______ to join our seminar.

A. is to be invited

B. are to be invited

C. is to invite

D. are to invite

答案速查　1-5　AACAA　6—10　DBDBC　11—15　BBCCA　16—20　CBAAA