51 反身代詞的形式與用法 Track43
(1)反身代詞的形式
反身代詞有:
myself yourself himself herself
itself ourselves yourselves themselves
請(qǐng)注意第二人稱反身代詞單數(shù)形式y(tǒng)ourself和復(fù)數(shù)形式y(tǒng)ourselves的拼寫。例如:
She said to her friends, “Please help ____ to these dishes.”
A. you
B. yourself
C. yourselves
D. them
答案:C。
此外還有不定反身代詞oneself。例如:
One shouldn't think the most of oneself, but nothing of others.
一個(gè)人不應(yīng)該只考慮自己,而不顧他人。(在美國英語中常用himself)
(2)反身代詞用作賓語
一般來說,若動(dòng)詞所表示的行為施加到施動(dòng)者自己身上時(shí),也就是說主語和賓語為同一人時(shí),我們用反身代詞作動(dòng)詞的賓語。
a. God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者。
b. I cut myself when cooking. 做飯的時(shí)候我把自己切到了。
c. We enjoyed ourselves on holiday. 假期我們過得很開心。
d. Take good care of yourself. 請(qǐng)多保重。
若主語和賓語不是同一人時(shí),則不能用反身代詞作賓語。不能說:
Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating a series ofindicators that could help themselves to predict earthquakes.*
科羅拉多大學(xué)的研究人員們正在研究一系列可能幫助他們預(yù)測地震的各種參數(shù)指標(biāo)。
分析:定語從句的主語是that,指indicators。而這里themselves顯然是指researchers。兩者不一致,故不能用反身代詞,而應(yīng)將themselves改為them。
(3)反身代詞起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用
反身代詞可強(qiáng)調(diào)主語和賓語。此時(shí)self要重讀。
1)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語
反身代詞通常用來強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的主語,此時(shí)反身代詞常位于主語之后。
a. He himself went to visit the old lady.
是他親自去看望那個(gè)老太太的。
b. I myself took my mother to the hospital. 我自己把媽媽送到醫(yī)院。
c. Stress itself is not an illness, but prolonged stress can lead to sickness and absence from work.
壓力本身不是什么疾病,但長期如此就會(huì)導(dǎo)致疾病,從而影響到工作。
在不引起句子歧義的情況下,我們可把反身代詞置于句末。例如:
a. He went to visit the old lady himself.
b. I took my mother to the hospital myself.
而下邊這句就會(huì)有歧義:
c. He spoke to the boss himself. 他和老板本人談過了。
或者理解為:
a. He himself spoke to the boss. 他親自找老板談過了。
2)強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語
強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語的反身代詞只能緊跟在賓語后邊。例如:
a. He saw Tom himself. 他看到湯姆本人了。
比較:He himself saw Tom. 他親眼看見了湯姆。
b. I will send this gift to John himself.
我會(huì)把這禮物給約翰本人。(而不是通過別人轉(zhuǎn)交。)
(4)介詞+反身代詞
1)by oneself:單獨(dú)地,獨(dú)自一人地
I went there by myself. 我自己一人去了那兒。
比較:I went there myself. 我親自去了那兒一趟。
2)of oneself:自動(dòng)地,自然而然地
The door opened of itself. 門自動(dòng)開了。