39 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法(一):延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) Track 039
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示開始于過去的某一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,而且還可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。謂語動(dòng)詞一般為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
注:黑點(diǎn)表示現(xiàn)在和過去兩個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn);實(shí)箭頭表示動(dòng)作的延續(xù);虛箭頭表示動(dòng)作可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。
例句
a. An old woman walked out into the middle of the street. The policeman yelled to her, “Don’t you know what it means when I hold up my hand?” The lady said, “Sure I do. I have been a school teacher for 28 years now.”
b. I have lived here for 3 years.
到說話這一時(shí)刻,我仍住在這里,而且還可能繼續(xù)住下去。如果是我現(xiàn)在正在搬家,則live這一事件只持續(xù)到目前為止。
c. The teacher has taught in this school since I came here.
d. I’ve worked in this company since I left school.
我畢業(yè)以后就一直在這家公司上班。
e. Since time began, man has lived in fear of fire.
自古以來,人們就害怕發(fā)生火災(zāi)。
或者,上下文明確告知,開始于過去的動(dòng)作只持續(xù)到說話時(shí)刻為止。例如:
f.—Have you waited long?
—I’ve waited for three hours .
(見到了要等的人,所以wait動(dòng)作就此結(jié)束。)
g. I’ve waited for him all day; I don’t want to wait any longer.
這種現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的特點(diǎn):
1)謂語動(dòng)詞一般為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
2)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是過去,但這一動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,而且還可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。
3)這種用法的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)常與表示“一段時(shí)間”的時(shí)間狀語連用,以說明某個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)了多久。