48 將來(lái)完成時(shí)動(dòng)作開(kāi)始的時(shí)間 Track 048
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),是以“現(xiàn)在”為坐標(biāo)時(shí)間,來(lái)描述開(kāi)始于現(xiàn)在之前(即過(guò)去)的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。過(guò)去完成時(shí),是以“過(guò)去”為坐標(biāo)時(shí)間,來(lái)描述開(kāi)始于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之前(即過(guò)去的過(guò)去)的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到過(guò)去這一時(shí)刻。同理,將來(lái)完成時(shí),是以“將來(lái)”為坐標(biāo)時(shí)間,來(lái)表示開(kāi)始于將來(lái)之前(可能是過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在或將來(lái))的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到將來(lái)。注意,這里說(shuō)動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于“將來(lái)之前”,意味著動(dòng)作開(kāi)始的時(shí)間可能是:①過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻;②現(xiàn)在某一時(shí)刻;③將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻。但動(dòng)作開(kāi)始的時(shí)間并不重要,關(guān)鍵是說(shuō)話人要站在將來(lái)的某一時(shí)間來(lái)談某一動(dòng)作的完成情況。例如:
We will have taken five exams by next Friday.
到下個(gè)星期五之前,我們將完成五門(mén)考試。
1) 我們可能是昨天開(kāi)始考試的:We started our exams yesterday and we will have taken five exams by next Friday.
2) 我們可能是今天開(kāi)始考試的:We have started our exams today and we will have taken five exams by next Friday.
3) 我們也可能是明天才開(kāi)始考試:We will start our exams tomorrow and we will have taken five exams by next Friday.
但具體是哪一天開(kāi)始的并不重要,說(shuō)話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的是他們“星期五前要完成五門(mén)考試”。