97 個體形容詞each/every Track 097
each和every后面都只能接單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,我們說every/each boy,而不說every/each boys。若其所修飾限定的名詞作主語,句子的謂語動詞顯然要用單數(shù)形式。例如:
a. Every/Each boy has a gift.
b. Every man is the master of his own fortune.
每一個人都是自己命運的主宰。
但二者的用法也有諸多區(qū)別,具體講解如下:
(1)each不僅用作限定詞,還可用作代詞;而every只能用作限定詞。因此each可以單獨使用作成分,而every只能與名詞連用,不能單獨使用
如上面a句可以改為:
a. Each has a gift.
人人都有禮物。
卻不能說:Every has a gift.*
注意下面句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法:
b. Every/Each boy has a gift. (each用作限定詞)
c. Each of the boys has a gift. (each用作代詞,加of短語。此時of后面須加限定詞,然后再接名詞復(fù)數(shù)。不能說each of boys,而要說each of these/the/my boys。)
d. Each has a gift. (each用作代詞)
e. Every one of the boys has a gift. (every不能單獨使用,而且與of短語連用時,只能是every one of…,而不能說everyone of…)
f.The boys each have a gift. (each用作代詞,可跟在主語后面,此時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù))
g. The boys have a gift each. (each用作代詞也可放在句末)
h. I give the boys each a gift. (each用作代詞也可放在間接賓語后面)
(2)從意思上來看,二者有兩點區(qū)別
1) each可以用來指兩個或兩個以上的事物;而every卻總是指三個或三個以上的事物,不能指兩個。例如:
a. Each sex has its own physical and psychological characteristics.
男女各有其生理上和心理上的特點。(性別就男和女兩種,故不能說Every sex…)
b. There are a lot of trees on each side of the street. (街道只有兩邊,故不能說every side)
2)盡管each和every都可作“每一個”講,但兩者意思并不完全相同。every強調(diào)整體,相當(dāng)于all的意思;而each則表示個別的概念,強調(diào)的是一個一個不同的人或事物。例如:
a. We want every student to succeed in the exam.
我們希望所有學(xué)生都能通過考試。(強調(diào)整體)
b. Each student has his own personal dream in his mind.
每個學(xué)生的內(nèi)心都懷有自己的夢想。(強調(diào)個體)
不過這種區(qū)別有時并不那么突出,所以一般來說,我們?nèi)钥梢詫ach和every通用。
(3)every可與數(shù)詞連用,然后再加復(fù)數(shù)名詞,而each一般不這么用
every two days 每兩天,每隔一天
every other day 每隔一天
every four years / every fourth year 每隔三年,每四年
In the United States, presidential elections are held once every four years.
在美國,總統(tǒng)大選是每四年舉行一次。
(4)此類詞與of連用
例句
a. Everyone is here. (不說Every one is here.*)
b. Every one of us has a gift. =Everyone has a gift.
c. None of us has a gift. =No one has a gift.