19 in which to do結(jié)構(gòu) Track19
“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”這一定語從句結(jié)構(gòu),可以簡化成不定式。請比較:
a.The farmer used wood to build a house in which he could store grains.
b.The farmer used wood to build a house in which to store grains.
進一步簡化為:
c.The farmer used wood to build a house to store grains in.
用這一結(jié)構(gòu)時我們應(yīng)注意以下幾點:
1)若沒有與關(guān)系代詞搭配的介詞,我們不能采用這一結(jié)構(gòu)。
I can't think of anybody whom to invite.*
2)有介詞和關(guān)系代詞,不能將介詞置于句末。
The farmer used wood to build a house which to store grains in .*
3) "介詞+關(guān)系代詞”不能用一個關(guān)系副詞來替換。
The farmer used wood to build a house where to store grains.*
再看下例:
a.We moved to the country so that the kids would have a garden ______.
A. in which to play
B. to play with
C. to play in
D. to play
E. where to play
F. which to play
G. which to play in
正確答案:A,C。
b.The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds_________his arguments in favor of the new theory.
A. to be based on
B. to base on
C. which to base on
D. on which to base
正確答案:D。
思考與總結(jié):
1)本節(jié)三種判斷關(guān)系代詞前面的介詞的方法,以第一、第二種方法最常用。
2)如何決定用第一種方法還是用第二種方法關(guān)鍵要熟悉各種短語的介詞搭配,這是前提。
① 如果先行詞是普通的名詞(如book沒有什么介詞與其構(gòu)成固定的搭配),則一般可考慮采用第一種方法:分析與定語從句中的某個動詞、形容詞或名詞構(gòu)成固定搭配的介詞。例如:
He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar.
② 對于較為特殊的先行詞,如上文提到的extent (to the extent),means (by the means),ease (with ease),rate (at the rate),pace (at the pace)等,則可考慮第二種方法:選擇與先行詞構(gòu)成固定搭配的介詞。
3)介詞的位置。
① 與動詞和形容詞搭配的介詞:可前置(置于關(guān)系代詞前),也可后置(分別緊跟在動詞或形容詞后面)。但若將介詞后置,即置于定語從句中,則句子顯得較為松散,所以最好還是前置,使句子緊湊。
② 其他情形的介詞一般都只能前置(所使用的介詞要放在which,whom或whose的前面)。