24　時間狀語從句　Track23

24　時間狀語從句　Track23

（1） when +短暫動詞
1） when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時意思相當(dāng)于at that time（在……時刻），從句謂語動詞通常是短暫動詞，表示某一時刻的動作。
a.I'11 speak to him when he arrives.
b.I'11 tell him about it when he comes back.
c.When I arrived , he was talking on the phone.
d.When I got there, he had already left.
從句謂語動詞也可用延續(xù)動詞，這時從句往往用過去進行時態(tài)，表示某一時間段內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作。
e.The doorbell rang when I was telephoning .
在我打電話的時候，門鈴?fù)蝗豁懥恕?br /> 2）請注意when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時主句和從句的時態(tài)搭配，以及不同時態(tài)表達的主句動作和從句動作的時間先后關(guān)系。
 


 
3）也可用whenever（無論何時）引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。
a. Whenever you say "I love you”, mean it. Whenever you say "I'm sorry”, look the person right in the eyes.
無論何時說“我愛你”，請真心誠意。無論何時說“對不起”，請直視對方的眼睛。
b. Whenever someone asks you something you don't want to answer, smile and ask "Why do you want to know?”.
當(dāng)別人問而你不想回答時，笑著說“你為什么想知道？”。
c.Smile whenever you pick up the phone, for the caller will be able to notice it.　面帶微笑地接聽電話，因為對方能感覺得到。
（2） while +延續(xù)動詞
意思相當(dāng)于during that time（在……期間），表示某一時間段內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作，因此，從句謂語動詞通常用延續(xù)動詞。
a.The phone rang while I was taking my bath.
b.The doorbell rang while we were watching TV.
c.A detective（偵探）arrested a criminal and was about to handcuff（上手銬） him when a huge gust（一陣狂風(fēng)） of wind blew the detective's hat off.
“Shall I go and fetch it?" the criminal asked.
“Do you take me for a fool?" asked the detective. "You wait here while I go and get it!”?。ù司渲術(shù)o和get盡管是短暫動詞，但兩動詞連用表示的是在一段期間內(nèi)的活動。）
d.I was walking along the road_________suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.
A. immediately
B. when
C. the moment
D. while
正確答案：B。
分析：因為從句的動詞patted是一個短暫動作，所以選B。
（3） until
1）當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是延續(xù)動詞時，通常用肯定形式。
a. Wait until he comes back.（wait 為延續(xù)性動詞）
b.we'll stay here until it stops raining.（stay為延續(xù)性動詞）
c.When I showed my Dad my report card, I said, "Remember, Dad, Thomas Edison got bad grades in school, too." He said, "Fine, stay in your room until you invent the light bulb（燈泡）.”
d.Until I came back, he was waiting for me at my home.
2）若主句謂語動詞是短暫動詞，則要用否定形式。這就是我們常說的“not...until...（直到……才……）”的結(jié)構(gòu)。
a.I did not realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.　直到我長大成人以后，我才真正懂得母親是多么不平凡。
b.One will never realize how much and how little he knows until he starts talking.　人們只有在與人進行交談時才知道自己到底懂得多少。
c.Ice cream did not reach America until about the middle of the eighteenth century.
d.I didn't go to bed until 12 o’clock last night.
e.He didn't leave the office until his boss came back.
3） "not...until...”有四種不同的句式：
正常結(jié)構(gòu)：
a.The little boy didn't smile until he saw his mother.
b.The exact time of dying was not of great importance until recently.
直到最近，確定死亡的確切時間才 變得尤其重要。 （注意翻譯）
until置于句首：
c. Until he saw his mother, the little boy didn't smile.
d. Until recently the exact time of dying was not of great importance.
倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：
e. Not until he saw his mother did the little boy smile.（主句倒裝）
f. Not until recently was the exact time of dying of great importance.
強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)：
g. It was not until he saw his mother that the little boy smiled.
h. It was not until recently that the exact time of dying was of great importance.
注意：
1） until后接的動詞常是短暫性動詞。
2）在“not until...”這個倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，需要部分倒裝的是主句中的謂語動詞，而非從句中的謂語動詞。
Not until she had arrived home did she remember her appointment with the doctor.
3）倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變成強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)時，強調(diào)句中的主句謂語不再采用倒裝形式。
It was not until she had arrived home that she remembered her appointment with the doctor.
（4） "一……就……”
1）表示“一……就……”的連詞有：as soon as，once，the minute，the moment，the instant，immediately，directly，instantly等。
這些連詞的用法和句式結(jié)構(gòu)是一樣的，主句和從句時態(tài)一般一致。
a.We will leave as soon as it stops raining.　雨一停，我們就動身離開。
b.It began to rain as soon as I arrived home.　我剛到家，天就開始下起雨來。
c.It began to rain immediately I arrived home.
d.It began to rain the moment I arrived home.
e.The doorbell rang as soon as we began having dinner.
f.Don't trust those who leave their friends the moment they get into difficulty!
g.You see the lightning_________it happens, but you hear the thunder later.
A. the instant
B. for an instant
C. on the instant
D. in an instant
正確答案：A。
分析：因為從句的動作緊接著主句的動作發(fā)生，表示“一……就……”，所以選A。
2） hardly/scarcely...when，no sooner...than。主句多用過去完成時，且常倒裝，從句用一般過去時。該句型的主句和從句與as soon as等的從句、主句的位置正好相反。
a. No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
b. Hardly/Scarcely had I arrived home when it began to rain.
c. No sooner had we begun having dinner than the doorbell rang.
（5）表示時間的短語引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句
有一些表示時間的短語也可當(dāng)作連詞來用，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，如next time，by the time，every time，each time，the day，the week等。
a. The day he returned, his father was already dead.
在他回來的那天，父親就已經(jīng)去世了。
b. Next time you come, remember to bring along your sister.
c. Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
d.In the classic children's tale, the puppet Pinocchio's nose grows longer every time he tells a lie.
在這個經(jīng)典的童話故事中，小木偶皮諾曹每次一說謊，鼻子就要長長。
注意：by the time
by the time的意思是“在……之前”，強調(diào)的是“一個動作在另外一個動作之前已經(jīng)完成（one event is completed before another event）”，因此，by the time后邊接從句，而與其搭配的主句要用完成時態(tài)。注意下面例句的時態(tài)搭配：