考點6 替代詞it, that,(the)one(s), those的用法辨析
1. 替代詞it, one, that辨析
it/one/that三者均可用作代詞,指代前面提到的名詞。一般說來,it指代的是上文提到的同一物品,簡單來說,就是指代同名同物;one與that則指代同名異物。
I have lost my umbrella; I’m looking for it.
我的傘丟了,我正在找它。(該句中it指前面提到的my umbrella)
I have lost my umbrella; I think I must buy one. 我的傘丟了,我想我必須買一把了。
(one在該句中表泛指,因為my umbrella已經丟了)
The umbrella you bought is cheaper than that I bought. 你買的傘要比我買的那把便宜。
(替代詞that在該句中特指the umbrella I bought,以區(qū)別the umbrella you bought)
2. one與ones的區(qū)別
one=a/an+上文出現的名詞,復數用ones,主格和賓格相同。
There are many schoolbags. I want to buy one.
有很多書包,我想買一個。(= I want to buy a schoolbag.)
The only jokes I tell are the ones that I hear from my friends.
我講的笑話都是我從朋友那里聽來的。(the ones相當于the jokes)
3. that與the+名詞
that=the+上文出現的名詞,包括可數名詞單數和不可數名詞,指代復數名詞時用those。
The weather in Nanjing is hotter than that in Beijing. 南京的天氣要比北京的熱。
(that=the weather,但并非指上文的天氣,而是另外一個天氣)
注意
① 替代單數可數名詞時用one和that均可,一般泛指用one(相當于a/an+名詞);特指時用that(相當于the+名詞)。
I don’t have a computer, and I’ve decided to buy one.
我沒有電腦,我決定買一臺。(表泛指,one=a computer)
The computer is different from that we are using. 這臺電腦和我們正用的那臺不一樣。
(表特指,其中that也可表示為the one,含義相當于the computer)
② 后跟of短語時,一般只能用that(those)。
The light of the sun is much brighter than that of the moon.
太陽的光線要比月亮上的光線強烈得多。
③ 代替特指的可數名詞時,若無前置定語,that或the one可以互相換用。
This film is more interesting than that(the one)we saw last night.
這部電影比我們昨天晚上看的那部有趣得多。