考點3 強調和強調句型
1. 助動詞do表示強調
謂語動詞前用do的形式加強語氣,相當于“務必,千萬,一定;確定”等。它通常只能強調一般現在時和一般過去時。
He does look well. 他確實看上去很健康。
You did give me a fright. 你可真是嚇了我一跳。
Do be careful in making such experiment. 做這樣的實驗千萬要小心。
2. 強調句型
強調句型為:It is(was)+除謂語以外的被強調部分+that/who+句子其他部分。
構成強調句的it本身沒有詞義;強調句中的連接詞一般只用that,強調的主語如果是人,可以由who代替that。即使在強調時間狀語和地點狀語時that或who也不可省略。強調句中的時態(tài)一般只有兩種,一般現在時和一般過去時,原句謂語動詞是一般過去時、過去完成時和過去進行時,用It was...,其余的時態(tài)用It is...。
強調主語:It was Tom who/that found my pen in the classroom yesterday.
昨天是湯姆在教室里找到了我的筆。
強調賓語:It was my pen that Tom found in the classroom yesterday.
昨天湯姆在教室里找到的是我的筆。
強調地點狀語:It was in the classroom that Tom found my pen yesterday.
昨天湯姆是在教室里找到我的筆的。
強調時間狀語:It was yesterday that Tom found my pen in the classroom.
湯姆是昨天在教室里找到我的筆的。
注意
在某些情況下,強調句型中的It is(was)的be動詞也可以有其他形式,比如:
It may have been... that/who... 或許是……
一般去掉It was that句子仍然成立,且句意通順,則為強調句型,不成立不通順,則為其他形式。
It is well known that Sherlock Holmes was a famous detective.(主語從句)
眾所周知,夏洛克·福爾摩斯是一位著名的偵探。
It was three years that I spent in American for a further study.(定語從句)
我在美國深造了三年的時間。
It was on February 12, 1809 that Lincoln was born.(強調句型)
林肯是在1809年2月12日出生的。
It was three years ago that he went to American for a further study.(強調句型)
他是三年前去美國深造的。
3. 強調句型的疑問句式
(1)一般疑問式:直接把is或was提到it之前即可。
Was it Tom that found your pen in the classroom yesterday?
昨天是湯姆在教室里找到了你的筆嗎?
(2)強調句型的特殊疑問式:“特殊疑問詞+is/was+it+that+該句的其余部分”。
How is it that you usually go to work? 你通常是怎樣去上班的?
4. 強調句型與not... until...句型連用
在強調not... until...結構中由until所引導的短語(或從句)作時間狀語時,要用固定的強調句型:“It+is/was+not until...+that+其他”,that所引導的從句中的謂語動詞用肯定式。
His father didn’t come back from work until 12 o’clock.
→It was not until 12 o’clock that his father came back form work.
直到12點他的爸爸才下班回家。
5. 強調句型與原因狀語從句連用
若從句由as或since引導,強調時則改為because,這是因為because引導的原因從句表示的意義非常強烈,符合強調句的目的。
Since he joined the army, he had to give up his career as an actor.
→It was because he joined the army that he had to give up his career as an actor.
正是因為他參了軍,所以他不得不放棄了作為演員的事業(yè)。