現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,也可以表示過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與already,just,before,ever,never,yet,for two years,since 2000,so far,recently等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成
1.一般動(dòng)詞在詞尾+ed
work–worked
look–looked
2.以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,在詞尾+d
close–closed
arrive–arrived
3.以“輔音字母+y ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,變y 為i +ed
carry–carried
hurry–hurried
4.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,雙寫(xiě)結(jié)尾字母+ed
nod–nodded
stop–stopped
5.不規(guī)則變化隨時(shí)記
am/is/are–been
write–written
cut–cut
go–gone
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的形式:主語(yǔ)+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,常與already,just,ever,never,yet等連用。
I have already finished my homework. 我已經(jīng)完成作業(yè)了。
He has just had lunch. 他剛剛吃完午飯。
2.表示過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常與since,for等連用。
We have lived here since two years ago. 我們兩年前就一直住在這里。
They have learned English for three years. 他們學(xué)英語(yǔ)三年了。
She has been in Hainan for seven days. 她在海南待了七天了。
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)注意事項(xiàng)
1.表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在用for +時(shí)間段,since +點(diǎn)時(shí)間,這時(shí)句中的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。對(duì)for ,since 提問(wèn)用how long ?,F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能與when 引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句連用。
2.have been to 去過(guò)
I have been to Beijing twice. 我去過(guò)北京兩次。
have gone to 去了
He has gone to New York. 他去紐約了。
have been in 待在
I have been in Changchun for 10 years. 我在長(zhǎng)春待了10年了。
學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)要牢記;
“have/has+過(guò)去分詞”。
主要用法有兩個(gè):
過(guò)去的動(dòng)作,對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,just,already常用著。
過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,for,since把時(shí)間帶。
一、填空。
A.用already或yet填空。
1.—Have they taken down the old pictures?
—No, not _________.
2.Most of us have finished our homework _________.
3.He hasn't visited the Great Wall ________.
B.用have gone或have been填空。
1.—Where are the boy students?
—They _______ to the school factory.
2.—Is your father in? No, he _______ to Shenzhen.
________ he ever __________ there before?
—Yes, he _______ there several times.
3.He _______ to Hangzhou before. But I ________ never ________ to that city before.
二、寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞。
1.go _________ _________
2.play _________ _________
3.put _________ _________
4.dance _________ _________
5.work _________ _________
三、選擇正確的答案。
1.His father __________ in 1991.
A.was dead
B.died
C.has died
D.dead
2.Lily __________London for five years.
A.has come to
B.has been to
C.has been in
D.came to
3.I have taught in the school __________ ten years ago.
A./
B.a(chǎn)bout
C.for
D.since
4.Mr. Smith __________ here since the factory opened.
A.has gone
B.has come
C.has been
D.has arrived
5.—Where has he gone?
—He __________ to America.
A.has gone
B.has been
C.went
D.goes
一、A.1.yet 2.a(chǎn)lready 3.yet
B.1.have gone 2.has gone; Has, been; has been 3.has been; have, been
二、1.went, gone
2.played, played
3.put, put
4.danced, danced
5.worked, worked
三、1.B
2.C
3.D
4.C
5.A
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