演講MP3+雙語(yǔ)文稿:如何拯救下沉的城市

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聽(tīng)力課堂TED音頻欄目主要包括TED演講的音頻MP3及中英雙語(yǔ)文稿，供各位英語(yǔ)愛(ài)好者學(xué)習(xí)使用。本文主要內(nèi)容為演講MP3+雙語(yǔ)文稿:如何拯救下沉的城市，希望你會(huì)喜歡！

[演講者及介紹]KotchakornVoraakhom

Voraakhom是一名景觀設(shè)計(jì)師，致力于建造綠色公共空間來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化。

[演講主題]如何將下沉的城市改造成抗洪基地

[中英文字幕]

翻譯者 Rong Fan 校對(duì)者 Conway Ye

00:14

At this very moment, with every breath wetake, major delta cities across the globe are sinking, including New York,London, Tokyo, Shanghai, New Orleans, and as well as my city, Bangkok. Here isthe usual version of climate change. This is mine. Nothing much, just acrocodile on the street.

此時(shí)此刻，我們每呼吸一口氣，全球主要港口城市都下沉一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，包括紐約、倫敦、東京、上海、新奧爾良和我的城市曼谷。這是氣候變化最常見(jiàn)的版本。而這是我所看見(jiàn)的。這也沒(méi)什么，就是一條鱷魚(yú)出現(xiàn)在了大街上。

00:46

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

00:47

This is an urgent impact of climate change:over sinking cities. Here, you can see the urbanization of Bangkok, growing inevery direction, shifting from porous, agricultural land -- the land that canbreathe and absorb water -- to a concrete jungle. This is what parts of it looklike after 30 minutes of rainfall. And every time it rains, I wish my car couldturn into a boat. This land has no room for water. It has lost its absorbentcapacity.

這是氣候變化帶來(lái)的一個(gè)嚴(yán)重結(jié)果：我們的城市正在沉陷。你可以看到曼谷的城區(qū)正在向四周擴(kuò)大，從蓬松的耕地，能夠呼吸空氣和雨水的土地，變成了水泥的叢林。這就是在三十分鐘的降雨后城市中部分地區(qū)的掠影，每次下雨，我都希望我的車能變成一艘小船。這片土地已經(jīng)水飽和了，失去了吸水的能力。

01:34

The reality of Bangkok's metropolitanregion is a city of 15 million people living, working and commuting on top of ashifting, muddy river delta. Bangkok is sinking more than one centimeter peryear, which is four times faster than the rate of predicted sea level rise. Andwe could be below sea level by 2030, which will be here too soon.

曼谷這座大都會(huì)城市匯集了一千五百萬(wàn)人，他們工作、生活和通勤在這個(gè)會(huì)移動(dòng)的和布滿淤泥的河岸上。曼谷每年都會(huì)下沉超過(guò)1厘米。這比海平面上升的速度高出了4倍。到2030年，這座城市可能會(huì)低于海平面，沒(méi)有多少時(shí)間了。

02:13

There is no coincidence that I am here as alandscape architect. As a child, I grew up in a row house next to the busy roadalways filled with traffic. In front of my house, there was a concrete parkinglot, and that was my playground. The only living creature I would find, and hadfun with, were these sneaky little plants trying to grow through the crack ofthe concrete pavement. My favorite game with friends was to dig a bigger andbigger hole through this crack to let this little plant creep out -- sneak outmore and more. And yes, landscape architecture gives me the opportunity tocontinue my cracking ambition --

作為景觀設(shè)計(jì)師，我站在這里并不是偶然。小時(shí)候，我在一個(gè)繁忙公路旁的排屋長(zhǎng)大。在屋子的前面，有一個(gè)水泥地的停車場(chǎng)，那里是我的游樂(lè)場(chǎng)。我能發(fā)現(xiàn)的唯一生物，也是非常喜歡的，就是在水泥地裂縫中悄悄生長(zhǎng)的那些小小的綠色植物。我和朋友們最喜歡的游戲就是在這些裂縫中挖一個(gè)更大的坑，讓這些小植物能夠生長(zhǎng)，不斷地爬出來(lái)。是的，景觀設(shè)計(jì)使我能夠有機(jī)會(huì) 繼續(xù)實(shí)現(xiàn)我遠(yuǎn)大的目標(biāo)，

03:14

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

03:16

to connect this concrete land back tonature.

將水泥地與大自然融為一體。

03:22

Before, Thais -- my people -- we wereadapted to the cycle of the wet and dry season, and you could call usamphibious.

以前，我們泰國(guó)人適應(yīng)了干濕交替的季節(jié)變換。你可以說(shuō)我們是水陸兩棲。

03:35

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

03:36

We lived both on land and on water. We wereadapted to both. And flooding was a happy event, when the water fertilized ourland. But now, flooding means ... disaster.

我們可以在陸地上和水上生活，兩種環(huán)境都可以適應(yīng)。洪水是一件令人開(kāi)心的事情，因?yàn)樗軌蜃甜B(yǎng)土地。但現(xiàn)在，洪澇卻意味著——災(zāi)難。

03:55

In 2011, Thailand was hit by the mostdamaging and the most expensive flood disaster in our history. Flooding hasturned central Thailand into an enormous lake. Here, you can see the scale ofthe flood in the center of the image, to the scale of Bangkok, outlined inyellow. The water was overflowing from the north, making its way across severalprovinces. Millions of my people, including me and my family, were displacedand homeless. Some had to escape the city. Many were terrified of losing theirhome and their belongings, so they stayed back in the flood with no electricityand clean water.

在2011年，泰國(guó)歷經(jīng)了一場(chǎng)史上最嚴(yán)重，也是經(jīng)濟(jì)損失最大的洪澇災(zāi)害。這讓泰國(guó)中心地區(qū)變成了一個(gè)巨大的湖泊。你可以在圖片中央看到這場(chǎng)洪水的規(guī)模，黃線標(biāo)出的是曼谷地區(qū)。洪水從北部地區(qū)開(kāi)始蔓延至好幾個(gè)省區(qū)。數(shù)百萬(wàn)泰國(guó)人民，包括我和我的家人都無(wú)家可歸。有些人不得不逃離城市。很多人都害怕失去他們的房子和財(cái)產(chǎn)，所以他們留了下來(lái)，忍受著沒(méi)有電和純凈水的日子。

04:56

For me, this flood reflects clearly thatour modern infrastructure, and especially our notion of fighting flood withconcrete, had made us so extremely vulnerable to the climate uncertainty. Butin the heart of this disaster, I found my calling. I cannot just sit and waitas my city continues to sink. The city needed me, and I had the ability to fixthis problem.

與我而言，這場(chǎng)洪水清晰地反映了我們的現(xiàn)代基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，特別是我們用水泥建筑來(lái)抵御洪水的想法，已經(jīng)讓我們?cè)谧兓喽说臍夂蛎媲帮@得相當(dāng)脆弱。但也是在這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己的使命。我不能眼睜睜地看著我的城市下沉。我的城市需要我，而我也有能力解決這一問(wèn)題。

05:35

Six years ago, I started my project. Myteams and I won the design competition for Chulalongkorn Centenary Park. Thiswas the big, bold mission of the first university in Thailand for celebratingits hundredth anniversary by giving this piece of land as a public park to ourcity. Having a park sounds very normal to many other cities, but not inBangkok, which has one of the lowest public green space per capita amongmegacities in Asia. Our project's become the first new public park in almost 30years. The 11-acre park -- a big green crack at the heart of Bangkok -- openedjust last year.

六年前，我開(kāi)始了我的項(xiàng)目。我和我的團(tuán)隊(duì)贏得了一個(gè)抗洪公園的設(shè)計(jì)比賽，這是為泰國(guó)第一所大學(xué)的百年校慶而開(kāi)啟的一項(xiàng)大膽而艱巨的任務(wù)，把這片土地變成一座城市公園。在其他城市，有城市公園是一個(gè)很正常的事情，但曼谷卻不同，它是亞洲的超大型城市中人均公共綠色面積最低的城市之一。我們的項(xiàng)目成為了30年里第一個(gè)城市公園。這個(gè)11英畝的公園——宛如曼谷中心的一道巨大綠色裂縫——在去年向公眾開(kāi)放了。

06:39

(Applause and cheers)

（掌聲和歡呼聲）

06:40

Thank you.

謝謝！

06:42

(Applause)

（掌聲）

06:46

For four years, we have pushed throughcountless meetings to convince and never give up to convincing that this parkisn't just for beautification or recreation: it must help the city deal withwater, it must help the city confront climate change.

四年中，我們開(kāi)了無(wú)數(shù)次會(huì)議，以努力確保這座公園不僅僅是為了美化或娛樂(lè)，它必須能夠幫助城市抗洪，必須能夠幫助城市抵御氣候變化。

07:06

And here is how it works. Bangkok is a flatcity, so we harnessed the power of gravity by inclining the whole park tocollect every drop of rain. The gravity force pulls down the runoff from thehighest point to the lowest point. This park has three main elements that workas one system. The first -- the green roof. This is the biggest green roof inThailand, with the rainwater tanks and museum underneath. In the dry season,the collected rain can be used to water the park for up to a month. The runoffon the green roof then falls through wetlands with the native water plants thatcan help filter and help clean water. And at the lower end, the retention pondcollects all of the water.

這個(gè)公園是這樣運(yùn)作的。曼谷位于平原上，因此我們讓整個(gè)公園傾斜，來(lái)利用地吸引力收集雨水。重力作用迫使雨水從最高點(diǎn)流向最低點(diǎn)。公園的這個(gè)排水系統(tǒng)由三個(gè)主要部分構(gòu)成。第一個(gè)，綠色的屋頂。這是泰國(guó)最大的綠色屋頂，有雨水收集器和地下博物館。在干燥的季節(jié)里，收集的雨水可以灌溉公園一個(gè)月。綠色屋頂?shù)挠晁鬟^(guò)濕地區(qū)域，那里的水生植物能夠過(guò)濾和凈化水源。在地勢(shì)低洼的另一端，蓄水池塘收集所有的雨水。

08:10

At this pond, there are water bikes. Peoplecan pedal and help clean water. Their exercise becomes an active part of thepark water system. When life gives you a flood, you have fun with the water.

在池塘里，有腳踏船。人們可以通過(guò)踩腳踏船來(lái)清潔池水。這些活動(dòng)成為了公園水系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)活躍部分。如果生活給你洪水，你就在水中嬉戲。

08:30

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

08:33

Centenary Park gives room for people androom for water, which is exactly what we and our cities need. This is anamphibious design. This park is not about getting rid of flood. It's aboutcreating a way to live with it. And not a single drop of rain is wasted in thispark. This park can hold and collect a million gallons of water.

這座紀(jì)念公園給了人和水空間，這正是我們和城市所需要的。這是一個(gè)水陸融合的設(shè)計(jì)。這座公園的用途并不在于消除洪水，而在于創(chuàng)造一種與雨水共生的方式。在這座公園里，沒(méi)有一滴雨水會(huì)被浪費(fèi)掉。它可以容納一百萬(wàn)加侖的雨水。

09:09

(Applause)

(掌聲)

09:10

Thank you.

謝謝。

09:12

(Applause)

（掌聲）

09:16

Every given project, for me, is anopportunity to create more green cracks through this concrete jungle by usinglandscape architecture as a solution, like turning this concrete roof into anurban farm, which can help absorb rain; reduce urban heat island and grow foodin the middle of the city; reuse the abandoned concrete structure to become agreen pedestrian bridge; and another flood-proof park at Thammasat University,which nearly completes the biggest green roof on an academic campus yet inSoutheast Asia.

對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，每一個(gè)項(xiàng)目都是在水泥叢林中創(chuàng)造綠色裂縫的機(jī)會(huì)，用景觀設(shè)計(jì)作為解決方案，就像把這個(gè)水泥屋頂變?yōu)槌鞘修r(nóng)場(chǎng)，能夠吸納雨水，減少氣候熱島效應(yīng)，并在城市中央種植糧食；再利用廢棄鋼筋結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)建造綠色步行橋；位于福井大學(xué)的另一座抗洪公園幾乎是整個(gè)東南亞地區(qū)最大的校園綠色屋頂。

10:07

Severe flooding is our new normal, puttingthe southeast Asian region -- the region with the most coastline -- at extremerisk. Creating a park is just one solution. The awareness of climate changemeans we, in every profession we are involved, are increasingly obligated tounderstand the climate risk and put whatever we are working on as part of thesolution. Because if our cities continue the way they are now, a similarcatastrophe will happen again ... and again.

嚴(yán)重洪澇已成為日常，這讓東南亞地區(qū)，世界上擁有最長(zhǎng)海岸線的地區(qū)，陷入了危險(xiǎn)之中。建造公園只是一個(gè)解決方案。對(duì)氣候變化的意識(shí)意味著來(lái)自各行各業(yè)的我們，都有更多義務(wù)去了解氣候變化的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，并在我們的工作中尋找解決方案。因?yàn)槿绻覀兊某鞘邢襁@樣繼續(xù)下沉，災(zāi)難會(huì)不斷地重復(fù)上演。

11:02

Creating a solution in these sinking citiesis like making the impossible possible. And for that, I would like to share oneword that I always keep in mind, that is, "tangjai." The literaltranslation for "tang" is "to firmly stand," and"jai" means "heart." Firmly stand your heart at your goal.In Thai language, when you commit to do something, you put tangjai in front ofyour word, so your heart will be in your action. No matter how rough the path,how big the crack, you push through to your goal, because that's where yourheart is.

在下陷的城市里創(chuàng)造一個(gè)解決方案，就如同把不可能變?yōu)榭赡?。為此，我想分享我始終銘記在心的一個(gè)詞，那就是 "tangjai"。“tang”可以翻譯成“堅(jiān)決支持”，“jai”的意思是“心”。堅(jiān)持你心中的目標(biāo)。在泰語(yǔ)中，當(dāng)你心無(wú)旁騖地做某件事的時(shí)候，就在你說(shuō)的話前加上“tangjai”，這樣一來(lái)你就能夠心有所向，言行一致。無(wú)論路途多么艱難，裂縫多么巨大，你會(huì)都向著目標(biāo)不斷前行，因?yàn)槟鞘悄阈闹蛲?/p>

12:05

And yes, Thailand is home. This land is myonly home, and that's where I firmly stand my heart. Where do you stand yours?

是的，泰國(guó)是我的家。這片土地是我唯一的家，它是我所堅(jiān)持的心中目標(biāo)。你心中的目標(biāo)又是什么呢？

12:22

Thank you.

謝謝。

12:23

(Applause)

（掌聲）

12:24

Thank you.

謝謝。

12:26

Kòp kun ka.

（泰語(yǔ)）謝謝。

12:27

(Applause and cheers)

（掌聲和歡呼聲）