閱讀判斷分析 如何確定關(guān)鍵詞？

閱讀判斷分析 如何確定關(guān)鍵詞？

解題思路

詞語(yǔ)定位

在文章中找到與問(wèn)題句中的特征詞（專(zhuān)有名詞，數(shù)詞）和描述細(xì)節(jié)信息的詞語(yǔ)與結(jié)構(gòu)（如：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、條件狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)，表示人及事物名稱(chēng)的詞語(yǔ)）相呼應(yīng)的語(yǔ)句（答案相關(guān)句），對(duì)比答案相關(guān)句與題干的結(jié)構(gòu)和句意，判斷答案。

結(jié)構(gòu)定位

反映細(xì)節(jié)信息的狀語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)常常是對(duì)題干做出正確判斷的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。

句子定位

有時(shí)題干中的信息無(wú)法在原文中找到相對(duì)應(yīng)的原詞，這是由于命題人常常不是采用文章中的原話，而是使用同義的詞語(yǔ)來(lái)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。

真題回放

Mother Nature Shows Her Strength

Tornadoes and heavy thunderstorms moved across the Great Lakes and into Trumbull County on Saturday evening. The storms were dramatic and dangerous.

George Snyder was driving the fire truck down Route 88 when he first noticed that a funnel cloud was behind him. "I stopped the truck and watched the funnel cloud. It was about 100 feet off the ground and I saw it go up and down for a while. It was moving toward Bradley Road and then suddenly it disappeared." Snyder said.

Snyder only saw one of the funnel clouds that passed through northeastern Ohio on Saturday. In Trumbull County, a tornado turned trees onto their sides. Some trees fell onto houses and cars. Other trees fell into telephone and electrical wires as they went down.

Amanda Symcheck was having a party when the storm began. "Knew something was wrong," she said. "I saw the sky go green and pink. Then it sounded like a train rushing toward the house. I started crying and told everyone to go to the basement for protection."

The tornado caused a lot of damage to cars and houses in the area. It will take a long time and much money to repair everything. There was also serious water damage from the thunderstorms. The heavy rains and high wind caused the power to go out in many homes.

The storms caused serious flooding in areas near the river. More than four inches of rain fell in parts of Trumbull County. The river was so high that the water ran into streets and houses. Many streets had to be closed to cars and trucks because of the high water. This made it difficult for fire trucks, police cars and other rescue vehicles to help people who were in trouble.

Many people who live near the river had to leave their homes for their own safety. Some people reported five feet of water in their homes. Local and state officials opened emergency shelters for the people who were evacuated. The Red Cross served meals to them.

This was a really intense storm. said Snyder. "People were afraid. Mother Nature call be fierce. We were lucky this time. No one was killed." (2004年)

16. The weather was nice in Trumbull County on Saturday evening.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

17. George Snyder was a firefighter.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

18. Amanda Symcheck was having a party in the basement when the storm began.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

19. Power supply system was not damaged during the storm.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

20. There had not been such a severe storm in Trumbull County for a hundred years.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

21. Rescue vehicles had a hard time getting to people.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

22. Several people were missing during the storm.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

［答案解析］

16．B。［解析］題干意思：星期六傍晚，Trumbull縣天氣很好。本題句意思與原文相反。由關(guān)鍵詞Trumbull County定位至原文第一段：Tornadoes and heavy thunderstorms moved across the Great Lakes and into Trumbull County on Saturday evening. The storms were dramatic and dangerous. 故答案選B。

17．A。［解析］題干意思：George Snyder是一位消防員。原文雖然沒(méi)有直說(shuō)他是干什么的，但由關(guān)鍵詞George Snyder定位至第二段：George Snyder was driving the fire truck down Route 88 when he first noticed that a funnel cloud was behind him. 他在88國(guó)道上正開(kāi)著消防車(chē)，由此可以推斷他是消防員。故答案選A。

18．B。［解析］題干意思：暴風(fēng)雨來(lái)臨時(shí)Amanda Symcheck與別人正在地下室里聚會(huì)。由關(guān)鍵詞Amanda Symcheck定位至第四段：Amanda Symcheck was having a party when the storm began. I started crying and told everyone to go to the basement for protection. 他們正在聚會(huì)，但沒(méi)說(shuō)在地下室里聚會(huì)，而是說(shuō)暴風(fēng)雨來(lái)臨后，他們跑到地下室里躲藏。故答案選B。

19．B。［解析］題干意思：暴風(fēng)雨中供電系統(tǒng)沒(méi)遭到破壞。由關(guān)鍵詞：Power supply system定位至第五段：The heavy rains and high wind caused the power to go out in many homes. 大風(fēng)和暴雨使一些家庭的供電出現(xiàn)了問(wèn)題，題干與原文信息相矛盾，故答案選B。

20．C。［解析］題干意思：一百年來(lái)，Trumbull縣還沒(méi)有遇到過(guò)這么大的暴風(fēng)雨呢。此句的意思文章中根本沒(méi)有提到，故答案選C。

21．A。［解析］題干意思：救援車(chē)輛費(fèi)了很大勁才把人救出來(lái)。由關(guān)鍵詞Rescue vehicles定位至倒數(shù)第三段：This made it difficult for fire trucks, police cars and other rescue vehicles to help people who were in trouble. 故答案選A。

22．C。［解析］題干意思：暴風(fēng)雨中有幾個(gè)人失蹤了。此句的意思文章中沒(méi)有提到，故答案選C。

Achilles' heel

1．選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的程度、范圍、頻率等與原文中的信息不相符合。

2．定位原文后立即選答案，而沒(méi)有看清后面還有but，however，yet等轉(zhuǎn)折連詞。

3．選項(xiàng)中的因果關(guān)系與原文中的因果關(guān)系顛倒。

4．選B或C是憑借自己的主觀判斷，而不是根據(jù)文章。

5．虛擬語(yǔ)氣掌握不是很好，文章中用的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，題目中用的非虛擬語(yǔ)氣，這樣容易混淆。

例如：2004年綜合類(lèi)B級(jí)的閱讀判斷分析Mother Nature Shows Her Strength一文的第18題，題干意思：暴風(fēng)雨來(lái)臨時(shí)Amanda Symcheck與別人正在地下室里聚會(huì)。原文第四段提到：Amanda Symcheck was having a party when the storm began. I started crying and told everyone to go to the basement for protection. 故答案選B。但是如果沒(méi)有看清后面還說(shuō)了一句話：I started crying and told everyone to go to the basement for protection. 那么這道題考生很可能會(huì)選成C。