概括大意與完成句子 實戰(zhàn)演練 二

（二）Three Kinds of Loneliness

Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness.

The first kind of loneliness is temporary (暫時的). This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation—for example, family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year.

The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic (長期的) loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.

Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person's social contacts, e. g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our friends share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their popularity.

Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons. First of all, they are unhappy and unable to socialize with others like normal people. Besides, most importantly, there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease. While temporary and situational loneliness can be normal, healthy part of life, chronic loneliness can be a sad, and sometimes dangerous condition.

1. Paragraph 2________.

2. Paragraph 3________.

3. Paragraph 4________.

4. Paragraph 5________.

* * *

A. Two kinds of loneliness

B. Two reasons for assisting people with chronic loneliness

C. Temporary loneliness

D. Psychologists' agreement

E. Habitual loneliness

F. One reason for loneliness—socialization

* * *

5. Family problems can lead to________.

6. People with chronic loneliness think they can do nothing to________.

7. We rely on our friends to a great extent because________.

8. The most important reason for psychologists to help habitually lonely people is that________.

* * *

A. improve their ability of socializing with other people

B. temporary loneliness

C. situational loneliness

D. go out with people

E. this kind of loneliness can lead to serious illness

F. we have common interests

* * *

［答案解析］

1．A。［解析］第二段沒有主題句，但迅速瀏覽全段我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)The first kind of loneliness和The second kind這兩個短語，這足以說明該段闡述了兩種類型的孤獨癥。選項A與其意思一致，故A為正確答案。

2．E。［解析］第三段主題句為第一句：The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. 句子意為：第三種孤獨癥是最為嚴重的。繼續(xù)閱讀該段會發(fā)現(xiàn)這種孤獨癥也被稱做habitual loneliness或是chronic loneliness，由此推斷E為正確答案。

3．F。［解析］第四段主題句為第一句：Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person's social contacts, e. g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. 句子意為：心理學家一致認為導致孤獨癥的一個重要因素是人們與朋友、家人以及同事間的社會交際。選項F與其意思一致，故F為正確答案。

4．B。［解析］第五段主題句為第一句：Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons. 句子意為：心理學家正試圖找到治療習慣性孤獨癥患者的方法，這主要出于兩個原因。該段在后邊分別闡述了這兩個原因。這里正如在第二題中所提到的，習慣性孤獨癥又名長期性孤獨癥。故B選項為正確答案。

5．C。［解析］根據題目線索詞family problems可將原文定位至第二段第四句：The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation—for example, family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. 由此可推斷，情境性孤獨癥可由特定情境導致，比如，家庭問題、愛人的離世、搬家等。故可確定C為正確答案。

6．A。［解析］根據題目線索詞people with chronic loneliness可將原文定位至第三段，進而根據題目意思定位至最后一句：Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition. 這里their condition指代上文中的problems socializing and becoming close to others，選項A與其表達一致，故A為正確答案。

7．F。［解析］根據題目線索詞friends可將原文定位至第四段第三句后半部分and our friends share similar interests and activities，而前面提到We depend on various people for different reasons，由此可推斷，我們依賴于朋友是因為我們擁有共同的愛好，這與選項F意思一致，故F為正確答案。

8．E。［解析］根據“題目順序與段落順序基本保持一致”這一出題規(guī)律，我們將原文鎖定至最后一段，其中提到most importantly, there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease，由此可推斷，長期性孤獨癥即習慣性孤獨癥可能會導致嚴重的疾病。故可確定E為正確答案。