閱讀理解分析（A） 如何巧戰(zhàn)“細(xì)節(jié)題”？

閱讀理解分析（A） 如何巧戰(zhàn)“細(xì)節(jié)題”？

解題思路

細(xì)節(jié)題考查考生對(duì)文章中某個(gè)句子或某個(gè)段落的理解，把握有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的具體內(nèi)容或確切意義，判斷有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)在文中所起作用的能力。近年來(lái)，職稱英語(yǔ)考試閱讀理解部分對(duì)于細(xì)節(jié)題考查的比重逐年增大?？碱}主要有以下五種類型：

1．正誤題：出題形式通常是三正一誤或三誤一正，常見(jiàn)的問(wèn)題形式有：

Which of the following is true except...?/not mentioned?/mentioned?/mentioned in... except...?

解答此類正誤題，要將所給出的選項(xiàng)與原文中的相關(guān)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行對(duì)比，采取排除法等找到正確答案。

［溫馨提示］

要認(rèn)真確定題干中的Except或Not等詞，確定問(wèn)題是要求尋找正確的選項(xiàng)還是錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)。原文中未提到的概念或選項(xiàng)可優(yōu)先排除。

2．例證題：例證題通常以example，for example，for instance，such as和as等為標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)的問(wèn)題形式有：

The example in the last paragraph is used to illustrate________.

The author wants to prove with the example of... that________.

The author provides in Line.../Paragraph... an example in order to________.

在閱讀原文的過(guò)程中，遇到上述標(biāo)志性的詞語(yǔ)就標(biāo)示出來(lái)，以便于查找。

［溫馨提示］

例子前后所出現(xiàn)的說(shuō)明性或總結(jié)性的句子，往往就是答案；這些說(shuō)明性或總結(jié)性的句子前有時(shí)會(huì)伴有提示詞，如but，therefore，in a word等。

3．?dāng)?shù)字題：對(duì)于按時(shí)間順序組織的文章，文中出現(xiàn)年代或時(shí)間的頻率較高，故容易出與數(shù)字相關(guān)的考題?？忌鷳?yīng)在閱讀原文的同時(shí)，圈畫(huà)出有關(guān)的數(shù)字信息，以便于查找。考題可能直接考查數(shù)字、年代或時(shí)間，也可能會(huì)涉及一些簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算，考生只要圈畫(huà)好重點(diǎn)數(shù)字，就可快速找出答案。

4．原因題：考查文中因果或條件關(guān)系的細(xì)節(jié)信息，常見(jiàn)的問(wèn)題形式有：

According to the passage, when (where, why, who, which, how)...?

...because________.

The reason for... is that________.

文章中細(xì)節(jié)性的因果關(guān)系通常由一些表示因果關(guān)系的名詞、動(dòng)詞、連詞、介詞、副詞等來(lái)表達(dá)，而文章中細(xì)節(jié)性的條件關(guān)系通常由一些表示條件關(guān)系的從句或動(dòng)詞表達(dá)。

5．比較題：閱讀理解中的比較題通常會(huì)出現(xiàn)表示比較意義、絕對(duì)意義和唯一性的詞匯或結(jié)構(gòu)，考生在閱讀的同時(shí)，圈畫(huà)出重點(diǎn)詞匯，就能夠準(zhǔn)確定位，找出正確答案。

真題回放

Two People, Two Paths

You must be familiar with the situation: Dad's driving, Mum's telling him where to go. He's sure that they need to turn left. But she says it's not for another two blocks. Who has the better sense of direction? Men or women?

They both do, a new study says, but in different ways.

Men and women, Canadian researchers have found, have different methods of finding their way. Men look quickly at landmarks (地標(biāo)) and head off in what they think is the right direction. Women, however, try to picture the whole route in detail and then follow the path in their head.

Women tend to be more detailed, said Edward Cornell, who led the study, "while men tend to be a little bit faster and... a little bit more intuitive (直覺(jué)感知的)."

In fact, said Cornell, "sense of direction" isn't one skill but two.

The first is the "survey method". This is when you see an area from above, such as a printed map. You can see, for example, where the hospital is, where the church is and that the supermarket is on its right.

The second skill is the "route method". This is when you use a series of directions. You start from the hospital, then turn left, turn right, go uphill and then you see the supermarket.

Men are more likely to use the survey method while women are more likely to use one route and follow directions.

Both work, and neither is better.

Some scientists insist that these different skills have a long history. They argue it is because of the difference in traditional roles.

In ancient times, young men often went far away with the older men to fish or hunt. The trip took hours or days and covered unfamiliar places. The only way to know where you were was to use the survey method to remember landmarks—the mountains. the lakes and so on.

The women, on the other hand, took young girls out to find fruits and plants. These activities were much closer to home but required learning well-used paths. So, women's sense of space was based on learning certain routes.

31. When finding his way dad tends to rely on________.

A. his intuitive knowledge

B. his book knowledge

C. mum's assistance

D. the police's assistance

32. Women are more likely to use________.

A. the survey method

B. the traditional method

C. the route method

D. the right method

33. Which works better, the route method or the survey method?

A. The survey method.

B. The route method.

C. Either.

D. Neither.

34. Which of the following is NOT a landmark?

A. A long river.

B. A high mountain.

C. A magnificent church.

D. A path in your head.

35. Women developed a sense of space out of the need________.

A. to go fishing

B. to go hunting

C. to learn well-used paths

D. to go swimming

［答案解析］

31．A。［解析］細(xì)節(jié)考查題。題干問(wèn)找路時(shí)爸爸依賴的是什么？參見(jiàn)第四段，男人直覺(jué)感更多一些。故正確答案為A。

32．C。［解析］細(xì)節(jié)考查題。題干問(wèn)女人傾向于使用哪種方法。參見(jiàn)第三段最后一句，女人是試圖先把整個(gè)路線詳詳細(xì)細(xì)地記住，然后跟著腦子里的線路走。故正確答案為C。

33．D。［解析］涉及比較的細(xì)節(jié)考查題。題干問(wèn)路線法和測(cè)量法哪個(gè)更好。參見(jiàn)倒數(shù)第四段，兩種都可以，不能說(shuō)一種比另一種更好。故正確答案為D。

34．D。［解析］三正一誤細(xì)節(jié)考查題。題干問(wèn)以下四個(gè)選項(xiàng)哪一項(xiàng)不是地標(biāo)。顯而易見(jiàn)選項(xiàng)D“大腦里的線路”并不屬于路標(biāo)。故正確答案為D。

35．C。［解析］細(xì)節(jié)考查題。題干問(wèn)女人的方位感是出于怎樣的需要而形成的。參見(jiàn)最后一段的第二句。故正確答案為C。根據(jù)常識(shí)也可排除選項(xiàng)A、B和D。

Achilles' heel

細(xì)節(jié)題考查考生對(duì)于細(xì)節(jié)信息的理解，那么細(xì)節(jié)定位就很重要。做題時(shí)考生應(yīng)該找到這道題在文章中的位置，仔細(xì)閱讀該句或該段再判斷答案。切記不要只憑印象或個(gè)人對(duì)該問(wèn)題的認(rèn)識(shí)來(lái)做選擇，因?yàn)槌鲱}人會(huì)安排一些你認(rèn)為很合理卻和文章敘述不符的干擾項(xiàng)。

One common and colorful misbelief is that the familiar garter snake swallows its young to protect them. The habits of this harmless snake are well known in the USA since it usually lives in areas such as parks and gardens. Like all snakes, the garter swallows the whole creatures for food. However, unlike most other common snakes, the garter snake bears its young alive, in liters (一窩) of up to 50. My guess is that our forefathers, observing the garter snakes' behavior, simply took it as true that the snake had swallowed its little ones in very day.

Which is TRUE about the garter snake?

A. It eats its young alive.

B. It frightens people.

C. It is often found in people's homes.

D. It doesn't lay eggs.

［典型錯(cuò)誤］受到干擾項(xiàng)的影響。

［錯(cuò)因分析］閱讀時(shí)不能緊緊抓住文章主題，或者沒(méi)有把握住作者寫(xiě)作此文的真正意圖，只記住了一些零星事實(shí)而偏離了主旨軌道。干擾項(xiàng)“魚(yú)目混珠”，如果考生沒(méi)有在深層次上理解文章，而是僅憑文中的部分細(xì)節(jié)，那么像A這樣與原文內(nèi)容驚人地相似的選項(xiàng)就極易被誤選。

［正確答案］D

［歸納拓展］考生切忌片面，避免受到干擾項(xiàng)的影響。此外，細(xì)節(jié)題出題的順序一般都是和文章的敘述順序一致，故考生也可以先讀題干部分的問(wèn)題，然后帶著問(wèn)題讀文章，以便準(zhǔn)確找到該題目涉及的相關(guān)段落。對(duì)于較難的細(xì)節(jié)題，可以運(yùn)用排除法。