補(bǔ)全短文分析 如何尋句際關(guān)系詞？

補(bǔ)全短文分析 如何尋句際關(guān)系詞？

解題思路

補(bǔ)全短文考題涉及的考點(diǎn)通常與上下文之間意義關(guān)系的判別有關(guān)：上下文之間所形成的因果關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、并列關(guān)系、對(duì)比關(guān)系（過去現(xiàn)在情況的對(duì)比，或兩種相關(guān)情況的對(duì)比）、（句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語意呼應(yīng)的）排比關(guān)系、“觀點(diǎn)＋解釋”、“現(xiàn)象＋概括”、“概括＋分析”。在補(bǔ)全短文解題過程中，緊密聯(lián)系空格處的上下文，尋找句際關(guān)系詞是一個(gè)很常用同時(shí)也很有效果的方法?？忌梢愿鶕?jù)空格處的前句與后句所表述的內(nèi)容，在選項(xiàng)中尋找與之對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)系，或者在選項(xiàng)中尋找與空格處的前句與后句相對(duì)應(yīng)的短語和詞語，從而將正確的選項(xiàng)對(duì)號(hào)入座。如果利用得當(dāng)，這種方法將大大提高做題速度，而且更能保證選擇的準(zhǔn)確性。同時(shí)，在文章難以讀懂、主旨大意難以把握的情況下，這種解題方法也可作為一種另類的“殺手锏”。常見的邏輯關(guān)系有以下幾種：

1．填充處前后句子是轉(zhuǎn)折（讓步）關(guān)系。有兩種情況：

（1）后面句子沒有任何表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連接詞，僅為意思上的轉(zhuǎn)折，這種情況明顯是要求填入一個(gè)帶有轉(zhuǎn)折連接詞的句子，目標(biāo)明確，一下子就能把表示轉(zhuǎn)折的選項(xiàng)確定了，這種考題出現(xiàn)的幾率較多，得分較為容易。

（2）前后句子已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連接詞，帶有表示轉(zhuǎn)折連接詞的選項(xiàng)，則應(yīng)當(dāng)排除。常見的表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連接詞有：but, however, yet, still, though, although, whenever, nevertheless, even if, whereas, besides, or else。

2．填充處前后句子是因果關(guān)系。有兩種情況：

（1）僅為意思上的因果關(guān)系，填充處前后句子都沒有連接詞，有因果關(guān)系連接詞的選項(xiàng)就可入選甚至可以確定了。

（2）填充處前后句子有連接詞。如果選項(xiàng)中有連接詞，則看選項(xiàng)的連接詞是否是與前后句連接詞構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，是則入選，不是則排除；選項(xiàng)若沒有連接詞，則看在意思上是否與前后句子對(duì)應(yīng)有因果關(guān)系，如有則入選，沒有則排除。常見表示因果關(guān)系的連接詞有：because，since，on account of，owing，due (thanks) to，cause，reason，so，therefore，as a result，consequently，for this reason，as，in order that (to)，for the sake of，in that，now that，so that，thus。

3．填空處前后句子是并列關(guān)系。有三種情況：

（1）是意思上的并列關(guān)系。填充處前后句子沒有連接詞，但填充處前后句子的句型一樣、結(jié)構(gòu)相同或相似，那么選項(xiàng)就應(yīng)是與前后句子一樣結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。

（2）是意思上的并列關(guān)系。填充處前后句子沒有連接詞，但填充處前后句子的句型不一樣、結(jié)構(gòu)也不相同，那么選項(xiàng)就應(yīng)是帶有表示并列關(guān)系連接詞的句子。

（3）填充處前或后的句子有連接詞表示并列關(guān)系，這種情況，先看選項(xiàng)的連接詞是否與其連接詞構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系，是則入選，最常見的是歸納法和演繹法，采用“數(shù)字”或for example，such as等表示并列關(guān)系；選項(xiàng)沒有連接詞時(shí)，要看其在意思上是否與前后句子對(duì)應(yīng)有并列關(guān)系，如有則入選。常見表示并列關(guān)系的連接詞有：and, as well as, both... and..., either... or..., not only... but also..., besides, moreover, next, the first (second/third...), the... the..., after。

4．填空處前后句子是條件關(guān)系。那么選項(xiàng)就有兩種可能：

（1）選項(xiàng)中有表示條件關(guān)系的連接詞，如if, as if, as (so) long as, in case, lest, provided (providing), unless, like that, in that way, then, in that case, that；

（2）選項(xiàng)中有表示條件關(guān)系的助詞，如can (could), will (would), may (might), shall (should) 等。

下面就讓我們從例題中感受一下正確理解句際關(guān)系的妙處。

真題回放

You Need Courage!

Shortly after I began a career in business, I learned that Carl Weatherup, president of PepsiCo (百事公司)，was speaking at the University of Colorado. I tracked down the person handling his schedule and managed to get myself an appointment.　46

So there I was sitting outside the university's auditorium, waiting for the president of PepsiCo. I could hear him talking to the students... and talking, and talking.　47　He was now five minutes over, which dropped my time with him down to 10 minutes. Decision time.

I wrote a note on the back of my business card, reminding him that he had a meeting. "You have a meeting with Jeff Hoye at 2:30 pm." I took a deep breath, pushed open the door of the auditorium and walked straight up the middle aisle (過道) toward him as he talked. Mr. Weatherup stopped.　48　Just before I reached the door, I heard him tell the group that he was running late. He thanked them for their attention, wished them luck and walked out to where I was now sitting, holding my breath. He looked at the card and then at me. "Let me guess," he said. "You're Jeff." He smiled.　49

He spent the next 30 minutes offering me his time, some wonderful stories that I still use, and an invitation to visit him and his group in New York. But what he gave me that I value the most was the encouragement to continue to do as I had done.　50　When things need to happen, you either have the nerve to act or you don't.

A. I began breathing again and we grabbed (霸占) an office right there at school and closed the door.

B. As I sat listening to him, I knew that I could trust him, and that he deserved every bit of loyalty I could give to him.

C. I became alarmed: his talk wasn't ending when it should have.

D. He said that it took nerve for me to interrupt him, and that nerve was the key to SUCCESS in the business world.

E. I was told, however, that he was on a tight schedule and only had 15 minutes available after his talk to the business class.

F. I handed him the card then I turned and walked out the way I came.

［答案解析］

46．E。［解析］文章的第一段提到“我”得知百事公司的總裁要在科羅拉多大學(xué)講學(xué)，就設(shè)法得到了約見他的機(jī)會(huì)。接下去應(yīng)該是E，這是一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折，“我”雖然得到了約見他的機(jī)會(huì)，但在他做完演講之后卻只有15分鐘的時(shí)間。故在第二段的開頭才會(huì)出現(xiàn)“我”在大學(xué)禮堂外面等候的描述。E與前后連貫，故是正確答案。

47．C。［解析］第二段開頭描述“我”在禮堂外面等候的情況。第二個(gè)句子提到“我”能聽到他給學(xué)生們講話，他講啊講……最后一個(gè)句子提到，他已經(jīng)超時(shí)五分鐘。在第二句和最后一句之間應(yīng)該是C：我大為吃驚，他該停的時(shí)候沒停。

48．F。［解析］第三段“我”在名片后面寫了個(gè)便條提醒他還有個(gè)約會(huì)，然后推開門，向他走去。接下去很自然應(yīng)該是F，即把名片遞給他。

49．A。［解析］第四段提到百事公司的總裁看了看名片，又看了看我，……他笑了。他笑了，說明他同意和我談話，故接下去應(yīng)該是A。

50．D。［解析］第五段第二個(gè)句子提到，他所給“我”的也是“我”最珍視的，就是他鼓勵(lì)“我”繼續(xù)按照“我”做過的做法去做。“我”做過的做法就是有膽量打斷一個(gè)總裁的演講，故接下去應(yīng)該是D，是總裁對(duì)“我”鼓勵(lì)的具體內(nèi)容。

Achilles' heel

在猜測(cè)過程中，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)空格處的句子極可能與前面的句子形成順接或轉(zhuǎn)接的關(guān)系，同時(shí)也引導(dǎo)下句，即，在段落中起到承上啟下的作用。讀題后我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，填充處既可以是對(duì)前文的轉(zhuǎn)折，又和后文呼應(yīng)，做到使文章前后連貫。故我們?cè)谶x擇時(shí)應(yīng)該靈活分辨句際間的關(guān)系，將可能發(fā)生的情況考慮周全。