2022年11月05日 VOA慢速英語：官員們希望新技術(shù)能夠減少變暖的氣體

 

Scientists say the Earth's temperature has risen by about 1.1 degrees Celsius since the modern industrial period began.
科學家說，自現(xiàn)代工業(yè)時代開始以來，地球的溫度已經(jīng)上升了約 1.1 攝氏度。
 
And they warn that the effects of rising temperatures will get worse with every increase of one tenth of a degree.
他們警告說，氣溫每升高十分之一度，氣溫上升的影響就會變得更糟。
 
Many scientists and government officials say that it is important to not burn more fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas. Such fuels release carbon dioxide. Many scientists blame rising temperatures on carbon dioxide trapping heat in the Earth's atmosphere.
許多科學家和政府官員表示，重要的是不要燃燒更多的化石燃料，如煤炭、石油和天然氣。這種燃料會釋放二氧化碳。許多科學家將溫度升高歸咎于二氧化碳在地球大氣中捕獲熱量。
 
In a 2021 report, the Paris-based International Energy Agency (IEA) said there can be no new investments in fossil fuels if officials want to reach their temperature goal.
總部位于巴黎的國際能源署 (IEA) 在 2021 年的一份報告中表示，如果官員們想要達到他們的溫度目標，就不能對化石燃料進行新的投資。
 
The most recent report by the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change called for "immediate and deep" cuts to fossil fuels. U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres spoke about those goals at the 2021 climate conference in Glasgow, Scotland, known as COP26. He said, "Our addiction to fossil fuels is pushing humanity to the brink."
聯(lián)合國政府間氣候變化專門委員會的最新報告呼吁“立即和深度”削減化石燃料。聯(lián)合國秘書長安東尼奧·古特雷斯在蘇格蘭格拉斯哥舉行的 2021 年氣候會議（即 COP26）上談到了這些目標。他說，“我們對化石燃料的依賴正將人類推向邊緣。”
 
Addiction is a strong and harmful need to do something or have something.
成癮是做某事或擁有某事的強烈而有害的需要。
 
The world depends on fossil fuels for much of its electricity, heating and transportation. Fossil fuels are also important for agriculture and industry. But officials say that cleaner, renewable energy sources — such as solar and wind energy — will replace much of that demand.
世界的大部分電力、供暖和運輸都依賴化石燃料?；剂蠈r(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)也很重要。但官員們表示，太陽能和風能等更清潔的可再生能源將取代大部分需求。
 
Observers say the cost of renewable energy is decreasing. Also, more renewable energy is being produced in sustainable ways. However, the total amount of energy produced has also gone up.
觀察家說，可再生能源的成本正在下降。此外，更多的可再生能源正在以可持續(xù)的方式生產(chǎn)。然而，產(chǎn)生的能量總量也增加了。
 
Elizabeth Robinson is with the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment. She said that many places are using renewable energy, "but emissions are continuing to rise."
伊麗莎白羅賓遜在格蘭瑟姆氣候變化與環(huán)境研究所工作。她說，很多地方都在使用可再生能源，“但排放量還在繼續(xù)上升。”
 
She added, "We also need to see overall global emissions falling, and at the moment global emissions from fossil fuels are still increasing."
她補充說：“我們還需要看到全球總體排放量下降，而目前全球化石燃料排放量仍在增加。”
 
While renewable energy works for electricity production, other industries — such as cement-making, steel and shipping — depend on fossil fuels.
雖然可再生能源可用于電力生產(chǎn)，但水泥制造、鋼鐵和航運等其他行業(yè)則依賴化石燃料。
 
That is why experts are studying technologies that might be used in some industries. Some have suggested using "green fuels," such as ones made out of plant materials or natural waste, known as biofuels.
這就是為什么專家們正在研究可能用于某些行業(yè)的技術(shù)。一些人建議使用“綠色燃料”，例如由植物材料或天然廢物制成的燃料，即生物燃料。
 
Two newer technologies being explored include carbon capture, which takes carbon dioxide out of the air, and green hydrogen, which uses renewable energy to make hydrogen. But, these technologies are costly and untested on a large scale.
正在探索的兩項新技術(shù)包括碳捕獲（從空氣中吸收二氧化碳）和綠色氫（使用可再生能源制造氫氣）。但是，這些技術(shù)成本高昂且未經(jīng)大規(guī)模測試。
 
Some scientists say methane, another carbon gas that traps heat, must be greatly reduced. Methane is about 25 times more effective at trapping heat than carbon dioxide. Once released, scientists estimate it stays in the atmosphere for about 12 years.
一些科學家說甲烷，另一種捕獲熱量的碳氣體，必須大大減少。甲烷吸收熱量的效率大約是二氧化碳的 25 倍。一旦釋放，科學家估計它會在大氣中停留大約 12 年。
 
Many countries at the COP26 meeting in Glasgow last year promised to stop methane leaks from oil wells and gas pipelines. Scientists say such methane reductions would have immediate effects on slowing the warming of the atmosphere.
去年在格拉斯哥舉行的 COP26 會議上，許多國家承諾阻止油井和天然氣管道的甲烷泄漏?？茖W家們說，這樣的甲烷減少將對減緩大氣變暖產(chǎn)生直接影響。
 
Robinson said there are two areas in which action could slow the warming of the atmosphere: stopping deforestation and reducing the eating of animals. Forests naturally take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. When forests are cut for agriculture, especially for animals that need large amounts of land, more greenhouse gases are released into the air.
羅賓遜說，有兩個方面的行動可以減緩大氣變暖：停止森林砍伐和減少對動物的食用。森林自然地從大氣中吸收二氧化碳。當為了農(nóng)業(yè)而砍伐森林時，特別是對于需要大量土地的動物，更多的溫室氣體會釋放到空氣中。
 
Robinson added that these ideas represent "a very controversial area." But, she added, "in most higher income countries, most people eat far more meat than they need to."
羅賓遜補充說，這些想法代表了“一個非常有爭議的領(lǐng)域”。但是，她補充說，“在大多數(shù)高收入國家，大多數(shù)人吃的肉比他們需要的多得多。”