2022年12月09日 VOA慢速英語(yǔ)：運(yùn)動(dòng)語(yǔ)法

 

Do you like to "work out?"
你喜歡“work out”嗎？
 
What do you do to "warm up" for exercise?
你用什么來(lái)“熱身”運(yùn)動(dòng)？
 
Do you enjoying walking, dancing, or running?
你喜歡散步、跳舞還是跑步？
 
In today's Everyday Grammar, we will look at how we can express ways we exercise. You will learn about common phrasal verbs to describe our actions and gerunds for kinds of exercises.
在今天的日常語(yǔ)法中，我們將看看我們?nèi)绾伪磉_(dá)我們練習(xí)的方式。您將學(xué)習(xí)描述我們動(dòng)作的常用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)和各種練習(xí)的動(dòng)名詞。
 
Let's begin with phrasal verbs.
讓我們從動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)開(kāi)始。
 
Phrasal verbs
動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)
 
Phrasal verbs have a verb and either a preposition or an adverb called a particle. A particle is a short word. Phrasal verbs can be made up of one particle or two. A phrasal verb has a meaning different from that of the verb alone. Phrasal verbs can often be separated from the particle by a noun or pronoun.
短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞和一個(gè)介詞或一個(gè)稱為助詞的副詞。助詞是一個(gè)短詞。短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以由一個(gè)或兩個(gè)粒子組成。短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的含義不同于單獨(dú)的動(dòng)詞。短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常可以通過(guò)名詞或代詞與助詞分開(kāi)。
 
Some of the most common exercise phrases in English are phrasal verbs.
英語(yǔ)中一些最常見(jiàn)的練習(xí)短語(yǔ)是短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
 
Let's take a look at some of them.
讓我們來(lái)看看其中的一些。
 
"Work out" is a transitive verb. meaning to do physical exercise to make your body strong or healthy. A transitive verb can take a direct object.
“鍛煉”是一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞。意思是做體育鍛煉使你的身體強(qiáng)壯或健康。及物動(dòng)詞可以帶直接賓語(yǔ)。
 
She works out her legs every day at the gym.
她每天都在健身房鍛煉腿。
 
"Warm up" means to prepare for exercise by doing light exercise to increase your heart rate and warm your body.
“熱身”意味著通過(guò)做輕度運(yùn)動(dòng)來(lái)準(zhǔn)備運(yùn)動(dòng)增加您的心率并溫暖您的身體。
 
Emily warms up by walking on the treadmill.
艾米麗通過(guò)在跑步機(jī)上行走來(lái)熱身。
 
"Cool down" is the opposite of warm up. After intense exercise, you need to cool down your body to let your heart rate decrease naturally.
“降溫”與熱身相反。劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)后，需要讓身體降溫，讓心率自然降低。
 
I like to cool down by stretching my muscles.
我喜歡通過(guò)伸展肌肉來(lái)降溫。

"Work off" means to get rid of stress, emotions, energy, or even food by doing physical activity.
“Work off”是指通過(guò)進(jìn)行體育鍛煉來(lái)擺脫壓力、情緒、能量甚至食物。
 
I need to work off that apple pie I had at Thanksgiving. Let's go to the gym!
我需要把感恩節(jié)吃的那個(gè)蘋(píng)果派吃掉。我們?nèi)ソ∩矸堪桑?br />  
I had such a stressful day at work, I can't wait to work that off at dance class tonight!
我今天的工作壓力很大，我迫不及待地想今晚在舞蹈課上鍛煉一下！
 
"Try out (for)" means you compete for a spot on a team.
“試試（為了)" 意味著您在團(tuán)隊(duì)中競(jìng)爭(zhēng)一個(gè)位置。
 
Tatiana tried out for the football team in August. She will play her first game this weekend!
八月份，塔蒂亞娜 (Tatiana) 為足球隊(duì)試訓(xùn)。她將在本周末參加她的第一場(chǎng)比賽！
 
"Pass out" means you feel sick and fall down or faint.
“昏倒”意味著你感到惡心，摔倒或暈倒。
 
If I don't drink enough water before I do an intense workout, I always feel like I'm going to pass out.
如果我在喝之前沒(méi)有喝足夠的水一次高強(qiáng)度的鍛煉，我總覺(jué)得自己快要暈倒了。
 
She passed out near the end of the finish line because she was dehydrated.
她在接近終點(diǎn)線時(shí)暈??倒了，因?yàn)樗撍恕?br />  
"Give up" means that you stop what you are doing and do not continue.
“放棄吧”的意思是你停止你正在做的事情，不再繼續(xù)。
 
He had to give up playing basketball last year after he hurt his knee.
他去年因?yàn)橄ドw受傷不得不放棄打籃球。
 
Gerunds
動(dòng)名詞
 
Gerunds are formed from verbs, but they work like a noun in a sentence. We use the ending -ing to create a gerund. Gerunds express actions or states of being. There are several gerunds that we use to express kinds of exercise.
動(dòng)名詞由動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成，但它們?cè)诰渥又械淖饔妙愃朴诿~。我們使用詞尾 -ing 來(lái)創(chuàng)建動(dòng)名詞。動(dòng)名詞表示行為或存在狀態(tài)。我們用幾種動(dòng)名詞來(lái)表達(dá)各種運(yùn)動(dòng)。
 
For example, "walking" is a gerund.
例如，“walking”是動(dòng)名詞。

We take the base form of the verb and add -ing.
我們采用動(dòng)詞的基本形式并添加 -荷蘭國(guó)際集團(tuán)
 
Walk + ending -ing = walking
 
Walking is one of the best activities for your health.
步行是最有益健康的活動(dòng)之一。
 
Other common gerunds for working out include:
其他常見(jiàn)的鍛煉動(dòng)名詞包括：
 
"Jogging" is like running but with an easier pace.
“慢跑”就像跑步，但步伐更輕松。
 
Tyler enjoys jogging on the weekends.
泰勒喜歡在周末慢跑。
 
"Running" is faster and there may be more purpose behind it, like planning for a race.
“跑步”速度更快，背后可能有更多目的，例如為比賽做計(jì)劃。
 
Running a marathon is very hard work.
跑馬拉松是一項(xiàng)非常艱苦的工作。
 
"Lifting" refers to a form of strength exercise where one lifts heavy weights with their muscles.
“舉重”是指一種力量鍛煉形式，人們用肌肉舉起重物。
 
Taylor started lifting weights last year.
泰勒去年開(kāi)始舉重。
 
"Dancing" is moving the body to music.
“跳舞”是讓身體跟著音樂(lè)動(dòng)起來(lái)。
 
She loves dancing because it's creative and gets her heart rate up.
她喜歡跳舞，因?yàn)樗袆?chuàng)意，還能讓她心跳加速。
 
"Training" involves doing exercise in preparation for an event or goal.
“訓(xùn)練”包括為活動(dòng)做準(zhǔn)備的運(yùn)動(dòng)或目標(biāo)。
 
Jo not only does strength training, but she also trains in dance.
Jo不僅進(jìn)行力量訓(xùn)練，還訓(xùn)練舞蹈。
 
"Spinning" is indoor bicycling.
“動(dòng)感單車(chē)”是室內(nèi)自行車(chē)運(yùn)動(dòng)。
 
There's spinning at this gym.
有動(dòng)感單車(chē)在這個(gè)健身房。
 
Practice
練習(xí)
 
Let's combine the phrasal verbs and gerunds to create sentences for describing exercise activities.
讓我們結(jié)合短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)名詞造句來(lái)描述運(yùn)動(dòng)活動(dòng)。
 
For example, you could say:
例如，你可以說(shuō)：
 
I warm up by dancing.
我熱身
 
Here I use the preposition "by" to tell the means of how I warm up.
這里我用介詞“by”來(lái)表達(dá)我熱身的方式。
 
You could also say:
你也可以說(shuō)：
 
Dancing warms me up.
跳舞讓我暖和起來(lái)。
 
Here the phrasal verb is split up by the personal pronoun "me."
這里的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞被人稱代詞“我”分開(kāi)。

Final thoughts
最后的想法
 
Today we looked at common expressions for exercise. We can use phrasal verbs like "work out" and "cool down" to describe our actions. We use a base verb plus a preposition to create a phrasal verb which can be divided by either a noun or pronoun.
今天我們看看常見(jiàn)的表達(dá)方式來(lái)練習(xí)。我們可以使用“work out”和“cool down”這樣的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞來(lái)描述我們的行為。我們使用一個(gè)基本動(dòng)詞加上一個(gè)介詞來(lái)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)可以被名詞或代詞分開(kāi)的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
 
Another verb-like structure we examined are gerunds. Gerunds work like nouns in sentences but are formed by placing the ing-ending on verbs. Since gerunds describe actions, they are perfect for describing exercises that we do to stay happy and healthy.
我們檢查的另一個(gè)類似動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)是動(dòng)名詞。動(dòng)名詞在句子中的作用類似于名詞，但它是通過(guò)將 ing 詞尾放在動(dòng)詞上形成的。由于動(dòng)名詞描述的是行動(dòng)，因此它們非常適合描述我們?yōu)楸３挚鞓?lè)和健康而進(jìn)行的鍛煉。

Let's end this report with some homework.
讓我們以一些家庭作業(yè)結(jié)束本報(bào)告。
 
Are there any other phrasal verbs or gerunds that you use to describe exercise?
還有其他短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞嗎還是你用來(lái)描述運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)名詞？
 
Use phrasal verbs or gerunds to describe how you exercise. Try to combine both to create a sentence!
 
使用短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)名詞來(lái)描述您的鍛煉方式。嘗試將兩者結(jié)合起來(lái)造句！
Share your results in the comments!
在評(píng)論中分享您的結(jié)果！