英語練習(xí)：人工智能話題四六級(jí)閱讀理解

閱讀理解原文：

Artificial intelligence has brought a big boost in productivity—to the criminal underworld. 
Generative AI provides a new, powerful tool kit that allows malicious actors to work far more efficiently and internationally than ever before, says Vincenzo Ciancaglini, a senior threat researcher at the security company Trend Micro. 

Here are four ways criminals are using AI now. 
 

The biggest use case for generative AI among criminals right now is phishing, which involves trying to trick people into revealing sensitive information that can be used for malicious purposes. Researchers have found that the rise of ChatGPT has been accompanied by a huge spike in the number of phishing emails. 
 

 

Generative AI has allowed deepfake development to take a big leap forward, with synthetic images, videos, and audio looking and sounding more realistic than ever. This has not gone unnoticed by the criminal underworld.While deepfake videos remain complicated to make and easier for humans to spot, that is not the case for audio deepfakes. They are cheap to make and require only a couple of seconds of someone’s voice—taken, for example, from social media—to generate something scarily convincing.
 

 

Another way criminals are using deepfakes is to bypass “know your customer” verification systems. Banks and cryptocurrency exchanges use these systems to verify that their customers are real people. They require new users to take a photo of themselves holding a physical identification document in front of a camera. But criminals have started selling apps on platforms such as Telegram that allow people to get around the requirement. 
 

 

As an example of how this works, you could ask a chatbot to pretend to be a private investigator with experience in profiling. Then you could ask it to analyze text the victim has written, and infer personal information from small clues in that text—for example, their age based on when they went to high school, or where they live based on landmarks they mention on their commute. The more information there is about them on the internet, the more vulnerable they are to being identified. 

While the existence of these services doesn’t indicate criminal activity, it points out the new capabilities malicious actors could get their hands on. And if regular people can build surveillance tools like this, state actors probably have far better systems, Balunovi? says. “The only way for us to prevent these things is to work on defenses.” he says, “Companies should invest in data protection and security.”

For individuals, increased awareness is key. People should think twice about what they share online and decide whether they are comfortable with having their personal details being used in by the criminals.

閱讀理解題目：

1、What causes the AI crime?
A. The existence of AI technology.
B. The state’s inaction in supervision.
C. People are not careful enough about privacy.
D. Comprehensive popularization of AI technology.

2、Which of the following behaviors may lead to audio fraud?
A. Pop-up card game when you surfing the Internet.
B. Elon musk calls you to form you there's something wrong with your twitter.
C. The Internet police sent an email asking you to cooperate with the investigation.
D. Unknown financial information mail received.

3、Which of the following does not prevent AI crime?
A. The state invests greater regulatory power.
B. People protect their personal information when using the Internet.
C. Revealing audio messages of relatives on the Internet.
D. Be cautious about the unknown websites.

4、What is Balunovi?’s attitude toward AI according to the passage?
A. Neutral.
B. Positive.
C. Negative.
D. Argumentative.

5、How should we consider the AI technology?
A. Resist it completely.
B. Trust it and give all of our information.
C. Be careful and be alert to the risks it brings.
D. Totally a tool of criminals.

閱讀理解中文翻譯：

人工智能極大地提高了犯罪分子的生產(chǎn)力。安全公司趨勢(shì)科技的高級(jí)威脅研究員 Vincenzo Ciancaglini 表示，AI生成提供了一個(gè)新的、強(qiáng)大的工具包，使犯罪分子能夠比以往更高效、更國際化地開展工作。 

以下是犯罪分子目前使用人工智能的四種方式。 
 

 

目前犯罪分子中生成式人工智能的最大用例是網(wǎng)絡(luò)釣魚，其中涉及試圖誘騙人們泄露可用于惡意目的的敏感信息。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，ChatGPT 的興起伴隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)釣魚電子郵件數(shù)量的大幅增加。 
 

 

 

生成式人工智能讓深度偽造技術(shù)取得了巨大的飛躍，合成圖像、視頻和音頻比以往任何時(shí)候都更加真實(shí)。這并沒有被犯罪分子所忽視。雖然深度造假視頻制作起來仍然很復(fù)雜，也更容易被發(fā)現(xiàn)，但音頻的深度造假的情況卻并非如此。它們的制作成本低廉，并且只需要幾秒鐘的某人的聲音（例如來自社交媒體的聲音）即可生成令人難以置信的令人信服的內(nèi)容。
 

 

 

犯罪分子使用深度偽造的另一種方式是繞過“了解你的客戶”驗(yàn)證系統(tǒng)。銀行和加密貨幣交易所使用這些系統(tǒng)來驗(yàn)證其客戶是否是真實(shí)的人。他們要求新用戶在相機(jī)前拍攝一張自己持有身份證件的照片。但犯罪分子已經(jīng)開始在Telegram等平臺(tái)上銷售應(yīng)用程序，讓人們可以繞過這一要求。 
 

 

 

舉個(gè)例子，你可以讓聊天機(jī)器人假裝是一名有分析經(jīng)驗(yàn)的私家偵探。然后，你可以讓它分析受害者寫的文字，并從文字中的小線索推斷出個(gè)人信息——例如，根據(jù)他們上高中的時(shí)間推斷他們的年齡，或者根據(jù)他們?cè)谏舷掳嗤局刑岬降牡貥?biāo)推斷他們住在哪里?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)上關(guān)于他們的信息越多，他們就越容易被識(shí)別。 

雖然這些服務(wù)的存在并不表明存在犯罪活動(dòng)，但它說明了犯罪分子可以利用的新功能。巴盧諾維奇說，如果普通人都能夠構(gòu)建這樣的監(jiān)控工具，那么國家行為者應(yīng)該是有更好的系統(tǒng)的。 “我們防止這些事情發(fā)生的唯一方法就是加強(qiáng)防御。” 他說，“公司應(yīng)該投資于數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)和安全。”

對(duì)于個(gè)人來說，提高意識(shí)是關(guān)鍵。人們應(yīng)該三思而后行，考慮他們?cè)诰W(wǎng)上分享的內(nèi)容，并決定他們是否愿意讓人工智能使用他們的個(gè)人信息。

閱讀理解題目解析：

1、正確答案：D
隨著AI技術(shù)的普及，犯罪分子將目光鎖定在AI犯罪上，文章中并未提及政府和網(wǎng)民的不足之處。

2、正確答案：B
原文提到AI技術(shù)“With synthetic images, videos, and audio looking and sounding more realistic than ever.”因此音頻犯罪應(yīng)該是圖像、音頻類的詐騙手段，通過偽造Elon Musk的聲音，使人們信服。

3、正確答案：C
原文提到“require only a couple of seconds of someone’s voice—taken, for example, from social media—to generate something scarily convincing”。幾秒鐘的人類音頻信息便可生成逼真的內(nèi)容。

4、正確答案：A
從文章理解中可知，Balunovi?認(rèn)為AI應(yīng)該被更好的監(jiān)管，既不是完全肯定，也不是否定其功能，因此是中立（neutral）的。

5、正確答案：C

文章最后一段可知，我們應(yīng)該警惕AI帶來的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，對(duì)個(gè)人信息更加謹(jǐn)慎，過分的相信或者抗拒都是極端的。