定語從句講解：典型高考英語陷阱題

定語從句講解：典型高考英語陷阱題：
　　1. The factory was built in a secret place, around ______ high mountains.

　　A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were

　　【陷阱】容易誤選A或B，將A、B中的 which 和 it 誤認(rèn)為是其后句子的主語。

　　【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一個(gè)由"介詞+which"引出的非限制性定語從句，而在該從句中，主語是 high mountains，around which 是表語，所以句子謂語應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)were，而不是用單數(shù) was.請(qǐng)做以下類例題目(答案均為C)：

　　(1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _______ some fruit shops.

　　A. which is B. it is C. which are D. them are

　　(2) The murder happened in an old building, beside ______ the city police station.

　　A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are

　　(3) Next month we'll move to a new building, next to _______ a nice restaurant where we can have Chinese food.

　　A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are

　　2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, "Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?"

　　A. that B. which C. where D. what

　　【陷阱】容易誤選 B，認(rèn)為 around 是介詞，選 which 用以代替前面的名詞 hospital，在此用作介詞 around 的賓語。

　　【分析】最佳答案為C。以上語法分析并不算錯(cuò)，但問題是，照此分析，此句的意思即為：有沒有這樣一個(gè)醫(yī)院，我在它的附近可以買藥治我的手傷?這樣的語境顯然有點(diǎn)不合情理，因?yàn)槿藗兺ǔＪ窃卺t(yī)院里面治傷，而不是在醫(yī)院附近治傷。此題選 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介詞，而是副詞，意為"在附近";其后的 where 引導(dǎo)定語從句用以修飾其前的地點(diǎn)名詞 hospital，句意為：附近有沒有一家醫(yī)院，我可以去治我的手傷?

　　3. _____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

　　A. It B. As C. That D. What

　　【陷阱】容易誤選 A，認(rèn)為此處應(yīng)填一個(gè)形式主語。

　　【分析】最佳答案是 B。as 引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句。比較下面一題：

　　_______ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.

　　A. It B. As C. That D. What

　　此題答案選 A，it 為形式主語，真正的主語是后面的 that 從句。

　　再比較下面一組題，其中第(1)題選 B，第(2)題選 D：

　　(1) ______ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior school is increasing.

　　A. Which B. As C. That D. It

　　(2) ______ is mentioned above that the number of the students in senior school is increasing.

　　A. Which B. As C. That D. It

　　4. David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like.

　　A. that B. who C. as D. whom

　　【陷阱】此題容易誤選A，許多同學(xué)一看到題干中的such，再聯(lián)系到選項(xiàng)中的 that，便認(rèn)為這是考查such ... that ...句式。況且，這樣理解意思也還通順。

　　【分析】最佳答案為C，不是A，因?yàn)樵趕uch ... that ... (如此......以至......)結(jié)構(gòu)中，that 引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句，并且 that 在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，若在上句填入 such ... that ...，句末的動(dòng)詞 like 缺賓語。選C的理由如下：as 用作關(guān)系代詞，用以引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾其前的名詞 boy，同時(shí) as 在定語從句中用作動(dòng)詞 like 的賓語，句意為"所有老師都喜歡的一位好男孩"。有的同學(xué)可能還會(huì)問，假若選A，能否將其后的 that 視為引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞呢?不能，因?yàn)楫?dāng)先行詞受到 such 的修飾時(shí)，其后的定語從句應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞 as 來引導(dǎo)，而不用that.比較下面一題，答案為A，因?yàn)?like 后有自己的賓語 him：

　　David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like him.

　　A. that B. who C. as D. whom

　　請(qǐng)?jiān)僮鲆韵略囶}(答案選D)：

　　It was not such a good dinner _______ she had promised us.

　　A. like B. that C. which D. as

　　5. The buses, most of _______ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.

　　A. that B. it C. them D. which

　　【陷阱】容易誤選 C，用 them 代指 the buses.

　　【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 為非限制性定語從句，修飾 the buses.類似地，以下各題也選D：

　　(1) His house, for _______ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000.

　　A. that B. it C. them D. which

　　(2) Ashdown forest, through _______ we'll be driving, isn't a forest any longer.

　　A. that B. it C. them D. which

　　(3) This I did at nine o'clock, after _______ I sat reading the paper.

　　A. that B. it C. them D. which

　　類似地，以下各題選 whom，不選 them：

　　(4) George, with _______ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person.

　　A. that B. him C. them D. whom

　　(5) Her sons, both of ______ work abroad, will come back home this summer.

　　A. that B. who C. them D. whom

　　(6) I met the fruit-pickers, several of _______ were still university students.

　　A. that B. who C. them D. whom

　　6. He had thousands of students, many of ______ gained great success in their own field.

　　A. whom B. them C. which D. who

　　【陷阱】容易誤選 B，用 them 代指 students.

　　【分析】最佳答案是A，many of whom gained great success in their own field 為非限制性定語從句。假若在many of... 的前面加上連詞and，則選答案B。比較以下各題(答案均選A)：

　　(1) He asked a lot of questions, none of ______ was easy to answer.

　　A. which B. them C. what D. that

　　(2) He asked a lot of questions, and none of ______ was easy to answer.

　　A. them B. which C. what D. that

　　(3) He told me that he had two girl-friends, neither of _______ knew anything about the other.

　　A. whom B. them C. which D. who

　　(4) He told me that he had two girl-friends, and neither of _______ knew anything about the other.

　　A. them B. whom C. which D. who

　　7. He had a lot of friends, only a few of ______ invited to his wedding.

　　A. whom B. them C. which D. who

　　【陷阱】容易誤選 A，認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語從句。

　　【分析】最佳答案是B，這不是非限制性定語從句，而是一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)榭崭窈蟮膭?dòng)詞 invited 并不是一個(gè)完整的謂語，而是一個(gè)過去分詞。當(dāng)然，假若在 invited 前加上助動(dòng)詞 were，則是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，答案便應(yīng)選A.比較：

　　(1) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ carried out in their work.

　　A. which B. them C. what D. that

　　答案選B，none of them carried out in their work 是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，其中的 carried out 為過去分詞。

　　(2) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ were carried out in their work.

　　A. which B. them C. what D. that

　　答案選A，none of them were carried out in their work 是非限制性定語從句，注意與上例比較句中多了一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞were.

　　(3) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _______ were carried out in their work.

　　A. which B. them C. what D. that

　　答案選B，由于兩句之間增加了一個(gè)并列連詞but，使得該句成了一個(gè)并列句。

　　8. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents seated together joking.

　　A. their B. whose C. which D. that

　　【陷阱】容易誤選B，認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語從句。

　　【分析】最佳答案是A.與上面一題相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定語從句，而是一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)榭崭窈蟮膭?dòng)詞 seated 不是謂語，而是一個(gè)過去分詞，因?yàn)?seat 作動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞。比較以下相似題：

　　(1) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were seated together joking.

　　A. their B. whose C. which D. that

　　選B.whose parents were seated together joking 為非限制性定語從句，因?yàn)槠浜笥型暾闹^語 were seated.

　　(2) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _______ parents were seated together joking.

　　A. their B. whose C. which D. that

　　選A.因?yàn)榫渲杏胁⒘羞B詞and，整個(gè)句子為并列句。

　　(3) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents sitting together joking.

　　A. their B. whose C. which D. that

　　選A.their parents sitting together joking 為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　(4) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents sat together joking.

　　A. their B. whose C. which D. that

　　選B.whose parents sat together joking 為非限制性定語從句，因?yàn)榫渲杏型暾闹^語 sat.

　　(5) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were sitting together joking.

　　A. their B. whose C. which D. that

　　選B.whose parents were sitting together joking 為非限制性定語從句，因?yàn)榫渲杏型暾闹^語 were sitting.

　　9. If the man is only interested in your looks, _____ just shows how shallow he is.

　　A. as B. which C. what D. that

　　【陷阱】容易誤選A或B，誤這是非限制性定語從句。

　　【分析】正確答案為D，注意逗號(hào)前是一個(gè)條件狀語從句，逗號(hào)后是該狀語從句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情況，用作主句的主語。類似地，下面幾道題也選 that，而不選 which：

　　(1) If you promise to go with us, _____ will be OK.

　　A. as B. which C. and it D. that

　　(2) If you want a double room, _____ will cost another ￡15.

　　A. as B. which C. what D. that

　　(3) Whether you go or not, _______ is quite all right with me.

　　A. that B. which C. and it D. so

　　(4) When I say two hours, _____ includes time for eating.

　　A. as B. which C. what D. that

　　10. She says that she'll never forget the time ________ she's spent working as a secretary in our company.

　　A. which B. when C. how D. where

　　【陷阱】容易誤選B，機(jī)械地認(rèn)為時(shí)間名詞后必須用關(guān)系副詞when，地點(diǎn)名詞后用關(guān)系副詞 where.

　　【分析】正確答案為A.在時(shí)間名詞和地點(diǎn)名詞后是否用關(guān)系副詞要看它在定語從句中充當(dāng)什么句子成分。一般說來，若用作主語或賓語，用關(guān)系代詞;若用作狀語，則用關(guān)系副詞。上面一題中的動(dòng)詞 spent 缺賓語，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞 which或that.比較下面一題，由于空格后的句子不缺少主語或賓語，所以選關(guān)系副詞when：

　　She says that she'll never forget the time ________ she works as a secretary in our company.

　　A. which B. when C. how D. where

　　請(qǐng)?jiān)僮鲆唤M試題(答案均選A)：

　　(1) Our company will move to a tall building _______ we bought last month.

　　A. which B. when C. how D. where

　　選A，which 在定語從句中用作動(dòng)詞 bought 的賓語。

　　(2) Our company will move to a tall building _______ has just been complete.

　　A. which B. when C. how D. where

　　選A，which 在定語從句中用作主語。

　　(3) Our company will move to a tall building _______ we worked two years ago.

　　A. where B. when C. that D. which

　　選A，where 在定語從句中用作狀語。