當where 引導定語從句時,Where前有表示地點的先行詞,where 引導的從句修飾先行詞,Where是關系副詞,在從句中作地點狀語。例如:
1.He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane .(2001年上海)
評析:situation 是先行詞,其后是Where引導的定語從句。
2.This is the place where Luxun once lived .
評析: the place 是先行詞,其后是 where引導的定語從句 ,where 在從句中作地點狀語。
二、Where引導狀語從句—副詞性從句
當Where引導狀語從句時,Where前沒有表示地點的先行詞,Where是從屬連詞,Where引導的從句修飾主句的謂語動詞。例如:
3.The famous scientist grew up where he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.(2002年春季高考上海)
評析:句中“the famous scientist grew up "這一部分是該句的主句,Where到句子最后是地點狀語從句,where前沒有表示地點的先行詞.
4.She found her passport where she lost it .
評析:"passport"是主句 found 后的賓語,它并不是從句中l(wèi)ost的地點,因此 where 引導的是地點狀語從句,從屬連詞where引導的從句修飾主句的謂語動詞 found 。
三、where 引導賓語從句、表語從句、主語從句、同位語從句———名詞性從句
where引導的名詞性從句,意思接近the place where ,可譯為:“……的地方”,where是疑問副詞。例如:
5. This is where Luxun once lived. (where 引導表語從句)
評析:此句與第2句意思一樣,即:這是魯迅曾經(jīng)住的地方。但語法功能不一樣,第2句中,where 前有先行詞 the place, the place在主句中作表語,而第5句中,where 引導的表語從句前沒有名詞,從語法功能看,where 引導從句的位置是表語位置,where 在表語從句中作地點狀語。
6.I don't know where Luxun once lived .(where 引導賓語從句)
評析:此句where 引導的是動詞know的賓語從句。Where引導的從句
7.She was free to go to where she liked and do what she liked . (where 引導賓語從句)
評析:此句中,where 引導的從句作介詞的賓語,意思接近 the place where。
8.We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. (where 引導同位語從句)
評析:本句中疑問副詞where 引導的從句,與其前面的名詞the question 是同位關系,the question 的具體內(nèi)容就是where 引導的從句,因此,where 引導的是同位語從句。
9.Where Mary was born is Beijing . 來自 www.yingyuyufa.com (where 引導主語從句)
評析:本句中疑問副詞where 引導的從句,放在主句主語的位置,因此這里where 引導的從句是主語從句。譯:瑪利出身的地方是北京。
鞏固練習:翻譯下列句子。
1.有志者事竟成。(Where引導狀語從句)
2.那是我父親工作的大樓。(Where引導定語從句)
3.司機問我想上哪兒去。(where 引導賓語從句)
4.書在你原來放的地方。(where 引導表語從句)
5.她回到她媽媽坐的地方。((where 引導介詞 to 的賓語從句))
6.請呆在原處。(Where引導狀語從句)
Keys:
1.Where there is a will, there is a way.
2.That is the building where my father worked.
3.The driver asked me where I wanted to go.
4.The book is where you left it.
5.She came back to where her mother was sitting.
6.Please stay where you are.