Airbnb過時了 來看更有范兒的交換空間
薩拉·弗里斯克(Sara Frisk)從沒想過去墨西哥城，直到一個叫皮拉爾·穆尼奧斯(Pilar Muñoz)的陌生人邀請了她。穆尼奧斯是一名為設(shè)計(jì)師服務(wù)的公關(guān)人員，居住在一套4300平方英尺(約合399平方米)的頂層公寓中。這套公寓里有玻璃墻，坐擁令人舒心的綠色景觀，鋪設(shè)著紋理豐富的木地板，配備了精致現(xiàn)代的沙發(fā)，還有一個廚房島臺，你甚至可以在上面獻(xiàn)祭一頭公牛。
“If I was going to Mexico, I wanted to be on the water, but that house is completely amazing,”said Ms. Frisk, a graphic designer and design consultant in the West Town neighborhood ofChicago.
“我要是去墨西哥的話，就想去水上玩，但是那套房子太驚艷了。”弗里斯克說。她是一名平面設(shè)計(jì)師兼設(shè)計(jì)顧問，住在芝加哥的西鎮(zhèn)(West Town)社區(qū)。
She had lost her heart on Behomm, an 18-month-old home-exchange website that has thecomeliness of a shelter magazine, with one big difference: Viewers don’t just drool overbeautiful properties; they stay in them.
她已經(jīng)迷上了住宅交換網(wǎng)站——Behomm。該網(wǎng)站已有18個月的歷史，和家居雜志一樣充斥著精美的圖片，但又與雜志有一個重大區(qū)別：訪客不只是對著美宅流口水;他們還可以入住其中。
Ms. Frisk had planned to travel over Thanksgiving and couldn’t make the timing work for theMexico City dream loft (she ended up in the Berlin abode of two architects). Now she’s trying toarrange to stay there with a group of friends.
弗里斯克本打算在感恩節(jié)出門旅行，但是勻不出時間去墨西哥城的夢幻之屋了 (結(jié)果她入住了兩位建筑師在柏林的住所)。現(xiàn)在，她正試圖組織一幫朋友跟她一起住到那去。
“It feels a lot more spontaneous planning a vacation around the home than doing all theresearch about where you want to go,” she said.
“我覺得，以住處為中心來計(jì)劃旅行，比漫無目的地研究自己想去哪兒要自然多了。”她說。
Like other home-swapping sites, Behomm (pronounced “be HOME”) allows its members totrade properties, simultaneously or at different times. No money changes hands, as withAirbnb. The conditions for bartering are worked out in advance, and the reciprocalarrangement helps visits run smoothly.
和其他住宅交換網(wǎng)站一樣，Behomm(發(fā)音為“be HOME”，寓意賓至如歸)允許會員交換房屋，無論是同時還是錯時。在此過程中沒有金錢易手，就和Airbnb的模式一樣。以物易物的條件已經(jīng)預(yù)先制定，而互惠互利的安排有助于創(chuàng)造良好的入住體驗(yàn)。
Arriving at their destination, guests may find wine chilling in the refrigerator, a car at theirdisposal and a pet waiting to be fed. The principle is mutually assured protection: Do untoanother’s B&B Italia sofa as you would have someone do unto yours.
到達(dá)目的地以后，客人可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)酒水已經(jīng)放入冰箱冰鎮(zhèn)，有一輛汽車可供使用，有一只寵物嗷嗷待哺。交換住宅的原則是基于共識的保護(hù)：你要愛護(hù)別人家的B&B Italia(意大利家具品牌——譯注)沙發(fā)，正如你希望別人愛護(hù)你家中的物品一樣。
What makes Behomm different (and a likely harbinger of home-exchange sites to come) is itspeer-to-peer network. All its members are visual artists, designers or allied professionals. Tojoin, they must work in one of 98 creative disciplines listed on the application, from animatorto window dresser.
Behomm的與眾不同之處在于它的同類人圈子(這或許代表著住宅交換網(wǎng)站未來的發(fā)展趨勢)。所有會員都是視覺藝術(shù)工作者、設(shè)計(jì)師或同類的專業(yè)人士。要想加入會員，申請者的職業(yè)必須在網(wǎng)站列出的98個創(chuàng)新門類之內(nèi)，包括動畫師、櫥窗設(shè)計(jì)師等等。
And they must have a great-looking place. The landing page at behomm.com features, amongother beauties, a fashion designer’s Danish beach cottage, a photographer’s 1920s Milaneseflat and an architect couple’s rustic (but not really) house in the Iron Horse neighborhood ofTucson.
而且，申請者必須擁有一個漂亮的住處。在behomm.com的登錄頁面上，該網(wǎng)站主打的特色美宅包括：一位時裝設(shè)計(jì)師在丹麥海邊的小木屋、一位攝影師在米蘭的上世紀(jì)20年代公寓，以及一對建筑師夫婦在圖森(Tucson)鐵馬(Iron Horse)社區(qū)的原木(并非真木)住宅。
Given the expertise of Behomm’s members, such stylishness is almost a foregone conclusion.Or so the founders believe.
鑒于Behomm會員所具備的專業(yè)素養(yǎng)，他們能提供如此有品味的住宅，幾乎也是必然的結(jié)果。或者說，網(wǎng)站的創(chuàng)始人就是這么認(rèn)為的。
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Behomm was created by Eva Calduch and Agust Juste, both 48-year-old graphic designers inBarcelona, Spain. The couple, longtime home exchangers, had become tired of slogging throughthe tens of thousands of entries on popular sites like HomeExchange.com.
Behomm的創(chuàng)始人是伊娃·卡爾杜奇(Eva Calduch)和奧古斯特·胡斯特(Agust Juste)都是西班牙巴塞羅那的平面設(shè)計(jì)師，現(xiàn)年48歲。這對夫妻長期以來經(jīng)常與人交換住房，他們厭倦了在HomeExchange.com這類大眾網(wǎng)站上，從成千上萬的房源里大海撈針。
“We were wasting hours and hours,” Ms. Calduch said. Then one day they found an architect’sstunning apartment overlooking a seaport on the Balearic island of Minorca and realized thatthey ought to concentrate on the residences of their peers.
“我們浪費(fèi)了大把的時間，”卡爾杜奇說。后來有一天，他們從一位建筑師那里發(fā)現(xiàn)了一套令人驚艷的公寓，從屋里就可俯瞰巴利阿里群島(Balearic island)的米諾卡島(Minorca)上的一個海港。由此，他們意識到，以后應(yīng)該專門從同行那里尋找住處。
They began swapping with landscape architects, photographers and interior designers, and anetwork started, one that became the foundation of Behomm.
他們開始與景觀設(shè)計(jì)師、攝影師和室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)師交換房屋，一個網(wǎng)絡(luò)漸漸成型，為Behomm打下了基礎(chǔ)。
The first 300 people to join were offered free lifetime memberships (like many home-exchangesites, Behomm charges annual dues). Even now, new members have a year’s free trial beforethey pay a fee of 95 euros (about $113).
前300名加入會員的人，都被免費(fèi)授予了終身會員資格(和許多住宅交換網(wǎng)站一樣，Behomm也收取年費(fèi))。即使是現(xiàn)在，新會員也有為期一年的免費(fèi)試用期，試用期滿后便需支付95歐元(約合113美元，人民幣702元)的費(fèi)用了。
The site has some 1,200 members, with Spain and the United States supplying the most —about 200 each. The locations are as far-flung as Bali and Florianópolis, Brazil. Even Japan hasfour subscribers. (A remarkable number, Ms. Calduch said, considering that a Japanesecolleague told her, “We don’t even invite friends over.”)
Behomm網(wǎng)站大約有1200名會員，其中以西班牙和美國的會員為主——兩國人數(shù)均為200人左右。用戶的分布遠(yuǎn)至巴厘島和巴西的弗洛里亞諾波利斯(Florianópolis)。就連日本也有四位用戶(卡爾杜奇說，這個數(shù)字很可觀，畢竟，一位日本同事曾經(jīng)告訴她，“我們甚至連朋友都不邀請過來住的。”)。
Around 10 to 20 percent of applications are rejected, often because the homes are shown to bemessy or dirty. As for the rest, choices are based on “subjective aesthetics,” in Ms. Calduch’swords. Those decisions have nothing to do with size or luxury, she added: “A tiny place withvery little can be nicer or more tasteful than a castle.”
大約有10%到20%的申請會遭到拒絕，這往往是因?yàn)樯暾堈哒故镜淖≌@得臟亂。至于其他原因，用卡爾杜奇的話說，取舍標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是基于“主觀美學(xué)”，與房子的大小或豪華程度無關(guān)?？柖牌孢€說：“樸實(shí)的彈丸之地也可能比一座城堡更好、更有品味。”
Nathalie Golliet, a designer in Paris who organizes culinary events, was one of the first to join. “I remember well, because I have the number 26,” she said.
巴黎設(shè)計(jì)師娜塔莉·戈列(Nathalie Golliet)經(jīng)?；I辦美食活動，她是第一批加入的會員。 “我記得很清楚，因?yàn)槲业木幪柺?6號。”她說。
She has made four swaps since becoming a member, including one in Marrakesh, Morocco, withFrançoise Lefebvre, who shares her interest in food.
自從成為會員后，她交換過四次房子，其中有一次換到了位于摩洛哥馬拉喀什(Marrakesh)的房子，業(yè)主是弗朗索瓦·列斐伏爾(Françoise Lefebvre)，她和戈列一樣對美食感興趣。
Each woman was impressed with the other’s well-equipped kitchen. Ms. Golliet even learnedhow to prepare Moroccan dishes from a cook Ms. Lefebvre sent over while Ms. Golliet wasstaying at her house.
兩個人都對彼此設(shè)備齊全的廚房印象頗深。戈列甚至從列斐伏爾派來照顧她起居的廚師那里，學(xué)會了如何烹制摩洛哥菜。
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Behomm is not the only home-exchange network to streamline its membership. A site calledSeniors Home Exchange is limited to people older than 50. The rationale is that this age groupisn’t hampered by school-age children with disruptive vacation schedules. What’s more, thesite insists, “Our experience has been that mature people tend to take better care of thingswhen they are not theirs.”
Behomm并不是唯一一個給會員設(shè)立門檻的住宅交換網(wǎng)站。一個名為“老人住宅交換”(Seniors HomeExchange)的網(wǎng)站將會員年齡限定在50歲以上。理由是，這個年齡段的人不會被學(xué)齡兒童混亂的假期安排所困擾。更重要的是，該網(wǎng)站堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，“依照我們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，成熟人士更懂得愛護(hù)別人的東西。”
Trust is fundamental to home exchange, and it is easier to come by in small communities withcommon interests.
在住宅交換的問題上，信任是至關(guān)重要的。志同道合的小群體更容易達(dá)成信任。
Arun Sundararajan, a professor at the Stern School of Business at N.Y.U., who researches thedigital sharing economy, said social media platforms like Facebook and LinkedIn, and tools thatverify one’s real-life identity, now allow us to vouch for a person’s credibility and goodintentions.
阿倫·孫達(dá)拉拉詹(Arun Sundararajan)是紐約大學(xué)斯特恩商學(xué)院(Stern School of Business)的教授，研究數(shù)字共享經(jīng)濟(jì)。他說，如今，F(xiàn)acebook和領(lǐng)英(LinkedIn)這類社交媒體平臺，以及一些驗(yàn)證個人真實(shí)身份的工具，都能夠讓我們?yōu)橐粋€人的信譽(yù)和善意擔(dān)保。
Trust can be cultivated even in high-stakes situations like “letting a stranger into yourbedroom,” he said, or in the case of long-distance ride-sharing programs like carpooling.com, “letting a stranger drive you to a strange city.” This makes the time ripe for a peer-to-peerhome-swapping venture that draws new people in.
孫達(dá)拉拉詹說，信任是可以培養(yǎng)的，即使在高風(fēng)險的情況下，比如“讓陌生人進(jìn)入你的臥室”，或是像carpooling.com這類長途搭車項(xiàng)目，“讓一個陌生人開車送你去一個陌生的城市”。這就促使了創(chuàng)建同類人群住宅交換項(xiàng)目的時機(jī)成熟，吸引著新人的加入。
For their part, Behomm’s members spoke of the comfort they found in their intimatenetwork, the novelty of stepping into one another’s shoes and the value of acquaintancesthat bloom into friendships or business opportunities.
就Behomm的會員而言，他們談及自己在這個親密的小圈子里體會到的舒服自在;還有住在他人家中體會到的新奇感;以及從與人結(jié)交中發(fā)展出來的友誼或業(yè)務(wù)機(jī)遇。
“It goes way beyond sharing a home — you share your lives,” said Alex Trochut, a graphicdesigner and illustrator who lives in New York and Barcelona. Mr. Trochut described theBehomm experience as the “very opposite of Airbnbn, because you feel entitled to things whenyou pay for them. This is about giving and not receiving.”
“這遠(yuǎn)非共享住宅那么簡單——你還分享了自己的生活經(jīng)歷，”亞歷克斯·特羅許(Alex Trochut)說。特羅許是一名平面設(shè)計(jì)師、插畫師，現(xiàn)居紐約和巴塞羅那。他表示，Behomm給人的體驗(yàn)和Airbnb“截然相反，因?yàn)槿绻粯訓(xùn)|西是需要付錢的，你就會覺得這是自己應(yīng)得的。而在Behomm，你所做的就是不計(jì)回報地給予。”
Can it really be that good? Ms. Calduch said that she has refereed only two small conflicts in thelast year and a half. One involved cleaning. “There was a misunderstanding,” she recalled. Theother had to do with confusion over which of a member’s multiple homes was being offered.
Behomm真的有他說的那么好嗎?卡爾杜奇說，在這一年半里，她只調(diào)解過兩次小矛盾。其中一次事關(guān)房屋的清潔問題。“他們之間有些小誤會。”她回憶道。另一次的起因是，其中一方搞不清楚對方與他交換的是哪套住宅(對方有多套住宅)。
To fend off squabbles, she supplies forms that allow users to specify all the terms for anexchange, including stipulations for purging cat hair and sharing toys. Still, conversations withsome Behomm members suggested ample room for dispute.
為避免紛爭，她提供了表格，讓用戶列明某次交換的全部條件，包括清理貓毛和分享玩具的具體規(guī)定。盡管如此，通過采訪一些Behomm會員我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，產(chǎn)生分歧的機(jī)會還是很多。
For instance, Wendy Rommers and her husband, Bas van Schelven, often swap their primaryresidence near Amsterdam, which is a houseboat.
舉個例子，溫迪·羅默斯(Wendy Rommers)和丈夫巴斯·凡·謝爾萬(Bas van Schelven)經(jīng)常交換他們靠近阿姆斯特丹的主要居住地，那是一座船屋。
Ms. Rommers, who is a multidisciplinary designer (Mr. van Schelven owns the company thatmakes the boats), said that the vessel doesn’t have particular maintenance needs, thoughshe advises keeping the water running on freezing nights. As for safety, there are life jackets, “and things you can throw into the water” that a drowning person might grasp. She made nomention of liability insurance.
羅默斯是一位跨領(lǐng)域的設(shè)計(jì)師(而凡·謝爾萬掌管著一家造船公司)，她表示，這艘船并沒有特別的維護(hù)需求，只不過她建議，在嚴(yán)寒的夜里要保持水的流動狀態(tài)。至于安全問題，屋里備有救生衣，“還有一些可以扔到水里的東西”，以供溺水者抓住。她沒有提到責(zé)任保險。
Indeed, one of the few negative anecdotes came from Mr. Trochut, and he was the cause ofhavoc. While he and a girlfriend were staying in Copenhagen in 2008, his companion had anasthma attack that put her in the hospital.
事實(shí)上，在Behomm屈指可數(shù)的幾件負(fù)面軼事中，有一件的當(dāng)事人就是特羅許，而且，他還是罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?008年，他和一位女朋友在哥本哈根逗留期間，他的同伴因哮喘發(fā)作住了院。
His hosts were so helpful in advising the couple on medical care that Mr. Trochut decided torepay them by washing the bed linens. Eager to finish before they returned home, he set thewasher at the highest speed, which produced vibrations that caused the machine to tumbleonto the adjacent bathroom sink, crushing the perfume bottles lined up there.
他的房東為兩人就醫(yī)提供了很大幫助，特羅許決定清洗亞麻床單來報答他們。由于急于在房東歸來前完成洗滌，他將洗衣機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速設(shè)在了最高檔，誰知由于振動太猛，機(jī)器翻倒在旁邊的浴室盥洗池上，將那里一字排開的香水瓶擊碎了。
Mr. Trochut discovered the carnage just as his hosts walked in. “We got to an agreement,” hesaid. “I paid for everything.”
特羅許在發(fā)現(xiàn)這一慘狀時，房東剛好進(jìn)門。“我們達(dá)成一個協(xié)議，”他說，“東西都由我賠。”
