課上打瞌睡更有助于記憶？Nodding off in Class Helps Memorizing?

It turns out that nodding off in class may not be such a bad idea after all, as a new study has shown that going to sleep shortly after learning new material is the best way to remember it.

According to US lead author Jessica Payne, a psychologist at the University of Notre Dame in Indiana, nodding off after learning something new is like ‘telling’ the sleeping brain what to retain. Along with colleagues, she studied 207 students who habitually slept for at least six hours per night. Participants were randomly assigned to study declarative, semantically related or unrelated word pairs at 9am or 9pm, and returned for testing 30 minutes, 12 hours or 24 hours later.

Declarative memory refers to the ability to consciously remember facts and events, and can be broken down into episodic memory (memory for events) and semantic memory (memory for facts about the world). People routinely use both types of memory every day – recalling where we parked today or learning how a colleague prefers to be addressed. At the 12-hour retest, memory overall was superior following a night of sleep compared to a day of wakefulness. At the 24-hour retest, with all subjects having received both a full night of sleep and a full day of wakefulness, subjects` memories were superior when sleep occurred shortly after learning, rather than following a full day of wakefulness.

‘Our study confirms that sleeping directly after learning something new is beneficial for memory. What`s novel about this study is that we tried to shine light on sleep`s influence on both types of declarative memory by studying semantically unrelated and related word pairs,’ Payne said.‘Since we found that sleeping soon after learning benefited both types of memory, this means that it would be a good thing to rehearse any information you need to remember just prior to going to bed. In some sense, you may be “telling” the sleeping brain what to consolidate.’

Results of the study were published on March 22 in PLOS One.

看來(lái)在課堂上打瞌睡也許并不是壞事。一項(xiàng)新研究顯示，學(xué)完新知識(shí)后馬上打個(gè)小盹是最佳的記憶方法。

該研究的主要作者、美國(guó)印第安納州諾特丹大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家杰西卡•佩恩認(rèn)為，在學(xué)完新東西后打個(gè)盹就像把要記住的東西“告訴”睡眠中的大腦。她和同事一起對(duì)207名學(xué)生進(jìn)行了研究，這些學(xué)生習(xí)慣每晚至少睡六個(gè)小時(shí)。參與者被隨機(jī)分配到幾個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)小組，學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容是陳述性知識(shí)，包括語(yǔ)義相連或不相連的詞組。學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間在早上9點(diǎn)或晚上9點(diǎn)。學(xué)完后他們?cè)?0分鐘、12小時(shí)或24小時(shí)后回來(lái)做測(cè)試。陳述性記憶指的是有意識(shí)地記憶事實(shí)和事件的能力，可以分為情節(jié)記憶(對(duì)事件的記憶)和語(yǔ)義記憶(對(duì)事實(shí)類(lèi)知識(shí)的記憶)。人們每天都會(huì)例行運(yùn)用這兩種記憶——回想今天我們把車(chē)停在了哪里或了解一個(gè)同事喜歡別人怎么稱(chēng)呼他。在12小時(shí)后再次進(jìn)行測(cè)試時(shí)，總體來(lái)看睡了一夜的人相比還沒(méi)睡覺(jué)的人記憶效果更好。在24小時(shí)后再度測(cè)試時(shí)，所有的實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象都睡了一整夜，也在清醒中度過(guò)了一個(gè)白天。這次，那些在學(xué)習(xí)后不久就入睡的人比那些學(xué)習(xí)后過(guò)了一整個(gè)白天才睡覺(jué)的人記憶效果更好。

佩恩說(shuō)：“我們的研究證實(shí)，在學(xué)習(xí)新東西后馬上睡覺(jué)對(duì)記憶有幫助。這項(xiàng)研究的創(chuàng)新之處在于，我們?cè)噲D通過(guò)對(duì)語(yǔ)義相連和不相連的詞組的記憶研究來(lái)揭示睡眠對(duì)于兩種陳述性記憶的影響。”“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)之后很快就睡覺(jué)對(duì)兩種記憶都有幫助，這意味著在上床睡覺(jué)前溫習(xí)你要記憶的東西將很有好處。在某種意義上，你可能在‘告訴’睡眠中的大腦需要鞏固強(qiáng)化的記憶。”