3種基本的憤怒形式

There are a number of different anger theorists who have talked about different kinds of anger styles, but the one I’ll mention breaks anger styles into three forms of expression.

有很多不同形式的憤怒理論家已經(jīng)討論過不同的各種各樣的憤怒形式，但我會講憤怒風(fēng)格分為三種表現(xiàn)形式。

There’s anger out. Anger out typically looks like the kinds of behaviors we see with someone that we consider to have a temper. They become very angry, and then they’re gonna be doing things like yelling, they may be using profanity, they may smash cellphones or pound their fist on the desk or something along those lines, destroy property. A single anger out episode, in fact, can even cause a heart attack. That anger expression style does have some risks. It also has personal consequences. As you can imagine if this is your employer or employee, this is gonna cause problems in the workplace.

憤怒了。憤怒通常看起來像我們看到某人的行為,我們認(rèn)為有一個(gè)脾氣。他們變得非常憤怒，然后他們會做事情喜歡大喊大叫，他們可能會使用不敬的語言,他們可能砸碎手機(jī)或用英鎊的拳頭砸桌子或者其他行為,破壞財(cái)產(chǎn)一類的。憤怒集中起來,事實(shí)上,甚至可以導(dǎo)致心臟病發(fā)作。憤怒的表現(xiàn)形式確實(shí)有一定的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。它也有個(gè)人的后果。你可以想象是你的員工或老板，在工作場所會造成問題。

Likewise an anger in style where the person is more typically experiencing high levels of anger, but they’re not expressing them outwardly. So this person, it may not be clear to those around them that they are actually very, very angry, but they’re having an internal experience, usually of high levels of rumination, is what I see in my practice, where they’re stewing about it and they’re not engaging or doing an active problem solving. That too has physical implications and is correlated with things like gastrointestinal problems. There’s even some evidence that it might be linked to some forms of cancer.

同樣風(fēng)格的憤怒的人通常經(jīng)歷高水平的憤怒,但他們不表達(dá)在表面上。因此對已這種人，可能不清楚周圍的人,他們其實(shí)非常,非常生氣，但是他們有一個(gè)內(nèi)部的經(jīng)驗(yàn),通常的高水平的沉思，就是我所看到的在我的實(shí)踐中,他們焦慮,不參與或做一個(gè)積極的解決問題。也有物理意義和與諸如胃腸道問題。甚至還有一些證據(jù)表明,它可能會導(dǎo)致某些形式的癌癥。

Finally anger control is the expression style in my practice is what we’re trying to teach clients. That’s where we’re really looking to have them do a few different things. One they’re gonna begin to change their thinking about things both how they’re perceiving situations in the first place, what they’re attributing the cause to, and then thinking about the practical implications and consequences of their actions. By doing so, they’re hopefully gonna bring down the level of anger in the first place. They’ll also use relaxation to bring down the level of anger, and then they’re gonna actively engage in problem solving and assertively communicate what’s going on for them. They might share their feelings. They might share what they proposed could make the situation better. That’s really the kind of expression style we’re looking for when we’re dealing with anger management.

最后，在我實(shí)踐中的控制憤怒形式是我正在嘗試教給客戶的。這就是我們真的希望讓他們做一些不同的事情。他們一旦開始改變他們的思考方式首先他們?nèi)绾胃兄闆r,他們將原因歸咎于那些方面,然后考慮他們行為的實(shí)際意義和后果。通過做這些，首先他們希望降低憤怒的水平。他也希望通過放松來降低憤怒，然后他們會積極參與解決問題和自信的交流。他們可能會分享他們的感受。他們可能會分享他們所提出的會使處境變得更好的意見。當(dāng)我們處理憤怒管理的時(shí)候，這真的是我們尋找的類型的表現(xiàn)形式。