《致命中國》作者將執(zhí)掌白宮國家貿(mào)易委員會

Donald Trump plans to create a National Trade Council inside the White House to oversee industrial policy and is appointing a China hawk and one of the architects of the populist economic message to run the new group.

唐納德•特朗普(Donald Trump)計劃在美國白宮內(nèi)部成立一個“國家貿(mào)易委員會”(National Trade Council)，負(fù)責(zé)產(chǎn)業(yè)政策，并將任命一個對華鷹派人物、民粹主義經(jīng)濟信息的制造者來領(lǐng)導(dǎo)這個新委員會。

Mr Trump has chosen Peter Navarro, a Harvard-trained economist, to head the NTC, the Financial Times has learnt. The author of books such as Death by China and Crouching Tiger: What China’s Militarism Means for the World has for years warned that the US is engaged in an economic war with China and should adopt a more aggressive stance — a message that the president-elect sold to voters across the US during his campaign.

據(jù)英國《金融時報》了解，特朗普選擇由畢業(yè)自哈佛(Harvard)的經(jīng)濟學(xué)家彼得•納瓦羅(Peter Navarro)來領(lǐng)導(dǎo)國家貿(mào)易委員會。納瓦羅著有《致命中國》(Death by China)、《臥虎：中國軍國主義對世界意味著什么》(Crouching Tiger: What China’s Militarism Means for the World)等書，常年來不斷警告美國正在與中國進行一場經(jīng)濟戰(zhàn)爭，應(yīng)該采取更強硬的態(tài)度——特朗普在競選期間向全美選民兜售同樣的信息。

“I read one of Peter’s books on America’s trade problems years ago and was impressed by the clarity of his arguments and thoroughness of his research,” Mr Trump said. “He has presciently documented the harms inflicted by globalism on American workers, and laid out a path forward to restore our middle class.”

特朗普說：“幾年前我讀過彼得關(guān)于美國貿(mào)易問題的一本書，他那清晰的論點，周密的研究，給我留下了深刻印象。他很有遠(yuǎn)見地記述了全球主義對美國工人造成的傷害，并為復(fù)興我們的中產(chǎn)階級指明了一條路。”

The Trump transition team described Mr Navarro as a “visionary economist” who would “develop trade policies that shrink our trade deficit, expand our growth, and help stop the exodus of jobs from our shores”. His appointment is the second restructuring of trade policy that will see Mr Trump attempt to follow through on his focus to resurrect manufacturing, and create more industrial jobs, in the American economy.

特朗普過渡團隊形容納瓦羅是“一位具有遠(yuǎn)見卓識的經(jīng)濟學(xué)家，他將制定貿(mào)易政策，縮小我們的貿(mào)易逆差，擴大我們的經(jīng)濟增長，幫助我們阻止就業(yè)機會流出國境”。他獲得的這個任命是特朗普調(diào)整貿(mào)易政策的第二個動作，特朗普將試圖貫徹他的核心經(jīng)濟策略，即振興美國制造業(yè)，在國內(nèi)工業(yè)中創(chuàng)造更多就業(yè)機會。

The FT reported earlier this month that Mr Trump had tapped Wilbur Ross, a billionaire investor who has been nominated as secretary of commerce, to oversee his trade policy, creating a new inter-agency process that would cut the influence of the US Trade Representative, the office which has for years negotiated trade deals.

英國《金融時報》本月早些時候曾報道，特朗普已選擇由威爾伯•羅斯(Wilbur Ross)——億萬富翁投資者、已獲商務(wù)部長提名——來負(fù)責(zé)其貿(mào)易政策，他將創(chuàng)建一個新的機構(gòu)間機制，以減少美國貿(mào)易代表辦公室(Office of the US Trade Representative)的影響力，該機構(gòu)多年來負(fù)責(zé)談判貿(mào)易協(xié)議。

The Trump team said the NTC would lead a “Buy America, Hire America” programme that would boost job creation in areas such as infrastructure and defence. It will work in tandem with three other offices in the White House: the National Security Council, the National Economic Council and the Domestic Policy Council.

特朗普團隊表示，國家貿(mào)易委員會將負(fù)責(zé)一個“買美國、雇美國”(Buy America, Hire America)計劃，促進基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和國防等領(lǐng)域的就業(yè)機會。它將與白宮其他三個機構(gòu)相互合作，它們分別是：國家安全委員會(National Security Council)、國家經(jīng)濟委員會(National Economic Council)和國內(nèi)政策委員會(Domestic Policy Council)。

They added that it would mark the first time there was an office dedicated to manufacturing inside the White House, in a strong signal that Mr Trump plans to follow through on the promises that he made on the campaign trail.

他們還表示，這標(biāo)志著白宮內(nèi)部首次有了一個專門負(fù)責(zé)制造業(yè)事務(wù)的辦公室——強烈表明特朗普計劃兌現(xiàn)競選期間做出的承諾。

“We were a great team during the campaign, and we will be a great team during the administration,” said Mr Ross.

羅斯稱：“我們在競選期間就是一個偉大的團隊，在執(zhí)政期間，我們依然會是一個偉大團隊。”

Mr Trump has moved quickly to name a cabinet and team of top advisers that leans heavily on people with business and military experience and that mostly eschews people with executive experience in Washington.

特朗普已快速完成對內(nèi)閣成員和高級幕僚團隊的任命，主要倚重?fù)碛猩虡I(yè)和軍事經(jīng)驗的人士，基本上避開了華盛頓不少執(zhí)政經(jīng)驗豐富的人士。

The move to create the new office is likely to be seen as controversial by mainstream economists, many in the business community and pro-trade Republicans. Targeting the trade deficit is seen by many economists as likely to lead to protectionist trade policies. It may also be complicated by Mr Trump’s plans for an increase in spending and rising interest rates, both of which have already yielded a surge in the dollar that is likely to make US exports less competitive and would normally lead to a bigger trade deficit.

在主流經(jīng)濟學(xué)家、許多商界人士以及支持貿(mào)易的共和黨人士看來，新設(shè)國家貿(mào)易委員會的舉措很可能具有爭議性。許多經(jīng)濟學(xué)家認(rèn)為，把縮小貿(mào)易逆差當(dāng)作目標(biāo)很可能導(dǎo)致貿(mào)易保護主義政策。特朗普增加開支的計劃和利率升高可能還會令當(dāng)前局勢復(fù)雜化，這兩個因素已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致美元大幅升值，這恐將削弱美國的出口競爭力，通常會導(dǎo)致更大的貿(mào)易逆差。

Mr Navarro and Mr Ross were credited with filling out Mr Trump’s economic plan, most notably in a white paper, which called for a focus on reducing the US trade deficit and boosting manufacturing, arguing both would help restore economic growth to a historical average of around 3.5 per cent per year.

特朗普的經(jīng)濟計劃主要是由納瓦羅和羅斯起草的，該計劃呼吁著重于減少美國貿(mào)易逆差和振興制造業(yè)，稱這兩者將有助于美國經(jīng)濟增速恢復(fù)至3.5%左右的歷史平均水平。

The transition team said Mr Navarro, who teaches at the University of California-Irvine, would be advising the incoming president on “innovative strategies” in trade negotiations and working with other agencies on ways to bolder US manufacturing.

特朗普的過渡團隊表示，目前在加州大學(xué)歐文分校(University of California-Irvine)執(zhí)教的納瓦羅將在貿(mào)易談判的“創(chuàng)新策略”方面為即將上任的特朗普總統(tǒng)提供建議，并與其他部門合作共同提振美國制造業(yè)。