哈利?波特20年：令全世界著迷的小男巫
今年，小男巫哈利•波特正好滿20歲。
最近幾天，世界各地的哈迷們紛紛在社交媒體上發(fā)文紀念哈利•波特誕生20周年。
推特上的#HarryPotter20圖標
哈利•波特教會我，要勇敢愛才是勇敢的真正意義。
這些書讓我知道，生活會很艱難，但是有了朋友的支持，你就會達到自己的目標。
哈利•波特讓我相信，無論在多么絕望的境地，好人終將獲勝。
哈利•波特讓我明白了友誼的價值和重要性。
國內(nèi)的哈迷們也在微博上聊起哈利•波特系列對自己的影響。
還有網(wǎng)友穿上巫師袍、戴上圓眼鏡，展示各種哈利系列cosplay。
該系列的作者JK•羅琳，原名為喬安•羅琳(Joanne Rowling)，在第一本哈利•波特出版之前，布魯姆斯伯里出版社建議羅琳改用較為中性的筆名JK•羅琳，因為男孩子們可能不太好意思看女性作家寫的小說。
《哈利•波特與魔法石》的手稿在1995年就寫完了，但是一直沒有出版社愿意出版，直到后來遇到“伯樂”布魯姆斯伯里出版社，這本書才得以出版。該系列的七本書被翻譯成79種文字在200個國家出版，在全世界的銷量超過4.5億冊。
20年過去， 哈利•波特陪伴了一些人成長，從某個方面來說，也讓這個世界變得更好了。BBC娛樂藝術(shù)頻道總結(jié)了該系列作品對整個文化領(lǐng)域的影響，我們一起來看看。
讓大人小孩都開始讀書
Okay, so books were around for a long time before Harry Potter. But JK Rowling turned book consumption, especially for children, into something close to addiction.
沒錯，在哈利•波特之前，書籍就已經(jīng)存在很久了。但是JK羅琳把閱讀消費，尤其是兒童閱讀變成了一種近乎上癮的現(xiàn)象。
You want proof? The UK release of Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban in 1999 was timed at 3.45pm to prevent children in England and Wales from skipping school to get their copy.
想要證據(jù)?1999年，《哈利•波特與阿茲卡班囚徒》在英國的首發(fā)時間定在下午3點45分，就是為了阻止英格蘭和威爾士的孩子們逃學(xué)去買書。
The later books got HUGE but it didn't stop kids devouring them.
后來的幾本書都很厚重，但那也無法阻止孩子們?nèi)琊囁瓶实亻喿x。
Grown-ups got hooked too, with the books being released in adult-friendly covers.
大人們也被迷住了，該系列小說還發(fā)布了更適合成年人風(fēng)格的封面版本。
The book releases themselves became headline news: when the fourth book Goblet of Fire came out in 2000, booksellers around the world got together to coordinate the first ever global midnight launch.
每次的新書發(fā)布會都成為新聞頭條：2000年該系列第四本《火焰杯》發(fā)布的時候，全世界的書商們聚集在一起協(xié)調(diào)組織了首個全球午夜發(fā)布會。
When Rowling received an honorary degree at St Andrews University that same year, the Scottish institution said she had proved that children's books "are still capable of capturing and enchanting an immense audience, irrespective of the competing attractions of television, Nintendo, Gameboy and Pokemon".
同年，羅琳在圣安德魯斯大學(xué)接受榮譽學(xué)位的時候，該校表示，她證明了兒童書“仍然能夠抓住廣大受眾的眼球并讓他們著迷，完全沒有受到電視、任天堂、Gameboy以及Pokemon等競爭對手的影響。”
讓人們動手寫作
Professional Harry Potter impersonator Luke Williams enjoys a drink at a pub in London in the UK. Fans across the world planned fancy-dress reading parties to mark the 20th anniversary of the first Harry Potter novel. [Photo/Agencies]
The Harry Potter books are credited with opening the way to a whole swathe load of young adult fantasy fiction.
《哈利•波特》系列被認為是為一大批針對年輕人的奇幻小說打開了大門。
Lots of books were released in the hope they would be "the next Harry Potter", such as Artemis Fowl, The Spiderwick Chronicles and A Series of Unfortunate Events.
很多書出版的時候都希望能成為“下一個哈利•波特”，比如，《阿特米斯奇幻歷險》、《奇幻精靈事件簿》以及《波特萊爾大冒險》。
Would we have had blockbuster series like Twilight and The Hunger Games novels had not Potter paved the way?
如果不是哈利•波特開了先河，我們能看到《暮光》和《饑餓游戲》這樣的系列大片和小說嗎?
And let's not forget fan fiction.
別忘了，還有粉絲文學(xué)呢。
The internet is thrumming with tens of thousands of unofficial spin-off stories about life at Hogwarts, The Dursleys and what the Weasley twins get up to at parties.
互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上充斥著成千上萬個非正式的衍生故事版本，有關(guān)霍格沃茲的生活、德思禮一家以及雙胞胎韋斯萊兄弟在派對上干壞事等內(nèi)容。
讓我們都開始迷戀火車
For a generation of kids brought up on Thomas the Tank Engine and The Polar Express, there was suddenly a shiny new steam train in the engine shed.
對于看著《火車頭湯姆斯》和《極地特快》長大的一代孩子，忽然間記憶的車庫里就多了一列閃閃發(fā)亮的新蒸汽火車。
Yes, the Hogwarts Express.
是的，這就是霍格沃茨特快列車。
No trip to King's Cross Station in London is complete without a selfie on Platform Nine and Three-Quarters.
去倫敦的國王十字火車站，如果不在九又四分之三月臺拍張自拍照，這次旅程就不算完整。
給詞典增添一系列新詞
Most words have to be around for 10 years before they will be considered for the Oxford English Dictionary, but JK Rowling's word "muggle" - which made its debut in Philosopher's Stone - was an exception.
多數(shù)新詞都要過個十年才能被考慮收入牛津英語詞典，然而JK羅琳在《哈利•波特與魔法石》首次造出的新詞“麻瓜”卻是個例外。
It was added to the OED in less than half the usual time, appearing in 2002 as "a person who lacks a particular skill or skills, or who is regarded as inferior in some way".
“麻瓜”誕生后還不到五年，就被收入牛津英語詞典，2002年這個詞在詞典中的意思是“一個沒有特殊技能的人，或在某些方面弱于他人的人”。
In the world of Harry Potter, a muggle is a person without magical powers.
在哈利•波特的世界，麻瓜是指一個沒有魔法能力的人。
We suspect that Crumple-Horned Snorkack - an elusive magical creature in Sweden - may take longer to make it into the muggle lexicon.
我們懷疑彎角鼾獸——瑞典的一種行蹤詭秘的神奇生物——也許要多過些時日才能被收入麻瓜詞典。
發(fā)明了一種新運動
In the books, Quidditch is a magical sport played on flying broomsticks, and involves bludgers, quaffles and a golden snitch - a small ball with wings.
在《哈利•波特》系列小說中，魁地奇是一種騎飛天掃帚比賽的魔法運動，比賽中會用到游走球、鬼飛球和金色飛賊——一種長翅膀的小球。
In the real world, Quidditch is a non-magical sport played on broomsticks, and involves bludgers, quaffles and a golden snitch - a person in a yellow t-shirt with a Velcro tail attached to their shorts.
在現(xiàn)實世界中，魁地奇是一種騎著掃帚的非魔法運動，也有游走球、鬼飛球和金色飛賊，這里的金色飛賊是一個穿著黃色T恤、短褲上用魔術(shù)貼粘著一個尾巴的人。
It started in the US around 2005 and has become a global sport with its own governing body. The Quidditch World Cup takes place annually and was won last year by Australia.
魁地奇運動于2005年左右發(fā)源于美國，如今它已經(jīng)成為了一項全球性運動，還有自己的管理機構(gòu)。每年都會舉行魁地奇世界杯比賽，去年由澳大利亞贏得冠軍。
催生了史上最成功的系列電影
Until recently, the eight Harry Potter films were the largest-grossing film franchise in history, having brought in a whopping $7.7bn worldwide.
八部《哈利•波特》電影全球票房高達77億美元(約合人民幣527億元)，目前是史上最賣座的系列電影。
The first Harry Potter film - Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone - was released in November 2001.
第一部《哈利•波特與魔法石》于2001年11月上映。
As well as breaking box office records faster than a trip on the Knight Bus, it also introduced the young Daniel Radcliffe, Emma Watson and Rupert Grint to the world.
這部電影不僅以“騎士公交車”也比不上的速度打破了票房紀錄，還讓全世界認識了年輕的丹尼爾•雷德克里夫、艾瑪•沃森和魯伯特•格林特。
The final film, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 2 (2011) is the highest grossing of all the Potter films at $1.34bn. It's the eighth-highest grossing film of all time.
最后一部《哈利•波特與死亡圣器2》(2011年)票房為13.4億美元(約合人民幣92億元)，是該系列電影票房收入最高的一部，也是史上票房收入排名第八的電影。
The franchise - now known as JK Rowling's Wizarding World - has continued with the spin-off Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (2016).
該系列現(xiàn)在被稱為JK•羅琳的魔法世界，已繼續(xù)推出衍生作品《神奇動物在哪里》(2016)。
And there's plenty more to come. Rowling has said she has planned scripts for a total of five Fantastic Beasts films.
未來還會推出更多作品。羅琳稱，她已經(jīng)計劃為《神奇動物》電影撰寫共5集劇本。
在戲院掀起熱潮
Harry Potter and the Cursed Child opened in London in 2016 to the same kind of Pottermania that surrounded the release of the books and films.
與書籍和電影發(fā)行時一樣，《哈利•波特和被詛咒的孩子》2016年在倫敦開演時也掀起了“哈迷熱”。
Some 1,500 fans at the very first performance, many dressed as witches and wizards, gasped at the various plot revelations and stage illusions.
首映演出時約有1500名粉絲，其中許多人打扮成巫師的樣子，他們被劇中各種出人意料的情節(jié)和舞臺幻術(shù)震驚了。
The two-part play begins with Harry, Ron and Hermione in their mid-30s as their own children head off to Hogwarts school.
這部舞臺劇分為上下部，劇中哈利、羅恩和赫敏已經(jīng)三十幾歲，他們的孩子要去霍格沃茨魔法學(xué)校。
The play won a record-breaking nine prizes at this year's Olivier Awards.
在今年的奧利維爾獎中，《哈利•波特和被詛咒的孩子》打破紀錄拿下九項大獎。
Cursed Child will be opening on Broadway in New York in 2018 and JK Rowling has said she would like it to be seen widely around the world.
該劇將于2018年在紐約百老匯上演，JK•羅琳稱，她希望世界各地更多人能觀看到這部劇。
影響了千禧一代
Millions of people reaching young adulthood have never known a world without Harry Potter.
數(shù)百萬人少年時期都看過《哈利•波特》。
Many who've grown up with the books can now get regular doses of JK Rowling via social media - she's got an army of almost 11m followers.
這套書籍伴隨許多人一同成長，現(xiàn)在他們通過社交媒體繼續(xù)閱讀JK•羅琳的文字。羅琳已經(jīng)擁有近1100萬粉絲。
When Donald Trump was compared with Lord Voldemort last year, Rowling tweeted: "How horrible. Voldemort was nowhere near as bad."
去年特朗普被比作伏地魔時，羅琳在推特上寫道：“多么恐怖啊，伏地魔遠不及他邪惡。”
She later mocked Twitter users who threatened to burn her books.
隨后有推特網(wǎng)友威脅要燒毀她的書，羅琳還諷刺了這些人。
Twenty years on from that first book, it looks like no-one's going to be saying "Avada Kedavra" to Harry Potter anytime soon.
從第一部《哈利•波特》開始，已經(jīng)過去二十年，短期內(nèi)好像沒有人要和他永別。(譯者注：Avada Kedavra為阿瓦達索命咒)
