跑馬拉松可能會(huì)對(duì)腎產(chǎn)生損害

Marathons can be bad for your health, scientists have warned after a study found 80 percent of competitors suffer kidney injury because of dehydration.

科學(xué)家警告稱，馬拉松可能會(huì)對(duì)人體產(chǎn)生危害。他們的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，由于缺水，百分之八十的馬拉松比賽選手都患有腎功能損傷。

Researchers said that although the kidneys of the participants in the 26.2 mile race fully recovered within two days, their findings raise questions concerning the potential long-term impact at a time when marathons are increasing in popularity.

The findings were published by the American Journal of Kidney Diseases, as thousands of people prepare for next month's London Marathon.

Previous research has shown that engaging in unusually vigorous activities - such as military training - in warm climates can damage the kidneys, but little is known about the effects of marathon running.

A team of researchers led by Professor Chirag Parikh, of Yale University in the US, studied a small group of participants in the 2015 Hartford Marathon.

They collected blood and urine samples before and after the event. They analysed a variety of markers of kidney injury, including serum creatinine levels, kidney cells on microscopy, and proteins in urine.

The researchers found that 82 percent of the runners that were studied showed Stage 1 Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) soon after the race. AKI is a condition in which the kidneys fail to filter waste from the blood.

Prof Parikh said: "The kidney responds to the physical stress of marathon running as if it's injured, in a way that's similar to what happens in hospitalised patients when the kidney is affected by medical and surgical complications."

The researchers stated that potential causes of the marathon-related kidney damage could be the sustained rise in core body temperature, dehydration, or decreased blood flow to the kidneys that occur during a marathon.

While the measured kidney injury resolved within two days of running the marathon, the researchers said the study still raises questions about the effects of repeated strenuousactivity over time, especially in warm climates.

1 dehydration

n.脫水，干燥

參考例句：

He died from severe dehydration.他死于嚴(yán)重脫水。

The eyes are often retracted from dehydration.眼睛常因脫水而凹陷。

2 fully

adv.完全地，全部地，徹底地;充分地

參考例句：

The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.醫(yī)生讓我先吸氣，然后全部呼出。

They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他們很快就完全融入了當(dāng)?shù)厝说娜ψ印?/p>

3 serum

n.漿液，血清，乳漿

參考例句：

The serum is available to the general public.一般公眾均可獲得血清。

Untreated serum contains a set of 11 proteins called complement.未經(jīng)處理的血清含有一組蛋白質(zhì)，共11種，稱為補(bǔ)體。

4 affected

adj.不自然的，假裝的

參考例句：

She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假裝對(duì)我們的課題感到興趣。

His manners are affected.他的態(tài)度不自然。

5 surgical

adj.外科的，外科醫(yī)生的，手術(shù)上的

參考例句：

He performs the surgical operations at the Red Cross Hospital.他在紅十字會(huì)醫(yī)院做外科手術(shù)。

All surgical instruments must be sterilised before use.所有的外科手術(shù)器械在使用之前，必須消毒。

6 strenuous

adj.奮發(fā)的，使勁的;緊張的;熱烈的，狂熱的

參考例句：

He made strenuous efforts to improve his reading. 他奮發(fā)努力提高閱讀能力。

You may run yourself down in this strenuous week.你可能會(huì)在這緊張的一周透支掉自己。