富人和窮人的心理差異

富人和窮人的心理差異

Charles Dickens' classic "A Christmas Carol" paints a picture of stark contrasts. The impoverished Cratchit family share love and joy, while Ebenezer Scrooge is wealthy, cold and "solitary as an oyster."

查爾斯·狄更斯的經(jīng)典小說《圣誕頌歌》描繪了一幅鮮明對(duì)比的畫面。貧窮的克拉奇蒂一家分享著愛和歡樂，而埃比尼澤·斯克羅吉富有、冷漠、“像牡蠣一樣孤獨(dú)”。

Just in time for Christmas, new research shines a light on the resilience of those with less.

就在圣誕節(jié)來臨之際，一項(xiàng)新的研究揭示了那些收入較低的人的心理彈性。

People at the lower end of the income scale take more pleasure in their relationships and enjoy caring for and connecting with others, according to a study published Monday in the journal?Emotion.

周一發(fā)表在“?情感”雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究表明，收入較低的人對(duì)自己的人際關(guān)系更感興趣，喜歡關(guān)心他人和與他人聯(lián)系。

By contrast, the positive emotions experienced by people with higher incomes are mainly focused on themselves, the research suggests.

相反，研究表明，高收入人群所經(jīng)歷的積極情緒主要集中在他們自己身上。

"People who are poorer are more reliant on others to get by," said Paul Piff, lead author of the study and an assistant professor of psychology and social behavior at the University of California, Irvine. "They really prioritize relationships because of their reduced resources, and so they are more likely to really focus on emotions that bind them to one another and find satisfaction and delight in relationships through compassion and love."

該研究的主要作者、加州大學(xué)歐文分校(University of California, Irvine)心理學(xué)和社會(huì)行為學(xué)助理教授保羅·皮夫(Paul Piff)說:“窮人更依賴他人度日。”“他們真的會(huì)優(yōu)先考慮人際關(guān)系，因?yàn)樗麄兊馁Y源減少了，所以他們更有可能真正關(guān)注那些將他們彼此聯(lián)系在一起的情感，并通過同情和愛在人際關(guān)系中找到滿足和快樂。”

For the study, Piff and his co-author, Jake P. Moskowitz, a graduate student at UC Irvine, surveyed more than 1,500 Americans ranging from 24 to 93 years old.

為了這項(xiàng)研究，皮夫和他的合著者、加州大學(xué)歐文分校的研究生杰克p莫斯科維茨(Jake P. Moskowitz)調(diào)查了1500多名年齡在24歲至93歲之間的美國(guó)人。

The questions were designed to measure the magnitude of seven emotions experienced each day: amusement, awe, compassion, contentment, enthusiasm, love and pride. Previous research suggests these seven separate feelings are the underlying individual components of general positive emotion.

這些問題旨在衡量人們每天經(jīng)歷的七種情緒的大小:娛樂、敬畏、同情、滿足、熱情、愛和驕傲。先前的研究表明，這七種不同的感覺是一般積極情緒的基本組成部分。

Participants rated their agreement with statements such as: "My life is full of wonder," "Nurturing others gives me a warm feeling inside," and "I get great pleasure from pursuing my goals."

參與者對(duì)自己的回答進(jìn)行了打分，比如:“我的生活充滿了奇跡”、“培養(yǎng)他人讓我內(nèi)心感到溫暖”、“我從追求目標(biāo)中獲得了巨大的快樂”。

As Piff explained, other studies tend to ask the very broad question, "How happy are you?"

正如皮夫所解釋的，其他研究?jī)A向于問一個(gè)非常寬泛的問題，“你有多幸福?”

For the new study, "We break happiness down into all of its emotional components: all the different kinds of positive emotions we want to experience on a daily basis," he said.

在這項(xiàng)新研究中，“我們將幸福分解為所有的情感成分:所有我們想要在日常生活中體驗(yàn)的各種積極情緒，”他說。

"As income increases, as you rise in the rankings of household income, your tendencies -- or daily experiences -- of pride, amusement, contentment go up, and your experience of compassion and love and awe go down," Piff said. Enthusiasm was the one emotion unaffected by wealth, with both rich and poor experiencing the same level.

皮夫說:“隨著收入的增加，隨著你在家庭收入排名中的上升，你的驕傲、娛樂、滿足的傾向——或者說日常經(jīng)歷——會(huì)上升，而同情心、愛心和敬畏感會(huì)下降。”熱情是一種不受財(cái)富影響的情緒，富人和窮人都經(jīng)歷著同樣的水平。

There are reasons for expecting wealth and income to shape certain emotions, noted Piff.

皮夫指出，人們有理由期待財(cái)富和收入會(huì)影響某些情緒。

"Wealth makes you less reliant on other people," he said. "Because of that, you're more likely to kind of focus on emotions that make you feel independent and different from other people -- things that make you stand out.

他說:“財(cái)富能讓你減少對(duì)他人的依賴。”正因?yàn)槿绱?，你更有可能關(guān)注那些讓你感到獨(dú)立和與眾不同的情感——那些讓你脫穎而出的東西。

"But of course these aren't absolute differences; it's not the case that wealthy people don't feel any compassion or any love," Piff said. "It's just that wealth sort of buffers you from experiencing as much of it as perhaps you should or as other people do."

“當(dāng)然，這些并不是絕對(duì)的差別;這并不是說有錢人沒有同情心或愛心。”“只是財(cái)富在某種程度上緩沖了你的經(jīng)歷，讓你不像其他人那樣經(jīng)歷那么多。”