不同類型的疼痛

不同類型的疼痛

What kind of pain do you have? Sorting out different types of pain can be helpful when considering how to relieve it. How long pain lasts, where it arises and how it feels are some of the ways pain is classified. Acute pain and chronic pain are the two major pain "types." Chronic pain, which is more complex, includes several categories involving a variety of causes and treatments. Here are some of the ways that people may experience pain.

你有什么痛?在考慮如何減輕疼痛時(shí)，區(qū)分不同類型的疼痛是有幫助的。疼痛持續(xù)多久，在哪里產(chǎn)生，感覺(jué)如何是疼痛的一些分類方法。急性疼痛和慢性疼痛是兩種主要的疼痛“桶”。慢性疼痛更為復(fù)雜，包括多種原因和治療。以下是一些人們可能經(jīng)歷痛苦的方式。

Chronic pain

慢性疼痛

Chronic pain makes life miserable for a lot of people. About 100 million Americans suffer from chronic pain, according to the Institute of Medicine. A simple definition of chronic pain is that it's any pain lasting more than 12 weeks. But duration is only part of what sets chronic pain apart. "I would almost consider chronic pain as a disease state itself," says Dr. Asokumar Buvanendran, president of the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine.

慢性疼痛讓很多人的生活很痛苦。據(jù)美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)研究所(Institute of Medicine)統(tǒng)計(jì)，大約有1億美國(guó)人患有慢性疼痛。慢性疼痛的一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單定義是任何持續(xù)超過(guò)12周的疼痛。但持續(xù)時(shí)間只是區(qū)分慢性疼痛的一部分。“我?guī)缀跽J(rèn)為慢性疼痛本身就是一種疾病，”美國(guó)區(qū)域麻醉和疼痛醫(yī)學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)主席Asokumar Buvanendran博士說(shuō)。

"Arthritis pain is not just in one hand or one knee," says Buvanendran, who is an anesthesiologist at the Rush University Medical Center in Chicago. "It affects the whole body and so there are whole systems that are also affected." Hormonal and metabolic changes arising from pain can cause significant consequences and lasting damage, he says.

芝加哥拉什大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)中心的麻醉師Buvanendran說(shuō):“關(guān)節(jié)炎的疼痛并不僅僅發(fā)生在單手或單膝上。”“它會(huì)影響整個(gè)身體，所以整個(gè)系統(tǒng)也會(huì)受到影響。”他說(shuō)，由疼痛引起的激素和代謝變化會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重后果和持久的損害。

Nerve pain

神經(jīng)疼痛

It's not surprising that nerve damage can lead to pain: Nerve pain, or neuropathic pain, can result from conditions such as diabetes, shingles and HIV; trauma and certain treatments, notably cancer chemotherapy.

神經(jīng)損傷能導(dǎo)致疼痛并不奇怪:神經(jīng)疼痛，或神經(jīng)性疼痛，可由糖尿病、帶狀皰疹和艾滋病等疾病引起;創(chuàng)傷和某些治療，尤其是癌癥化療。

People with diabetes may develop diabetic neuropathies, when high blood sugar affects the nerves, primarily in the legs and feet but also in the hands. Certain medications used for other conditions may also improve diabetes-related nerve pain, including anti-seizure drugs such as gabapentin (Neurontin or Gralise), or specific antidepressants like duloxetine (Cymbalta). A device called a spinal cord stimulator may help control neuropathic pain.

糖尿病患者可能會(huì)發(fā)展成糖尿病神經(jīng)病，當(dāng)高血糖影響神經(jīng)，主要在腿和腳，但也在手。某些用于其他病癥的藥物也可能改善與糖尿病相關(guān)的神經(jīng)疼痛，包括抗癲癇藥物加巴噴丁(Neurontin或Gralise)，或特定的抗抑郁藥物杜羅西汀(Cymbalta)。一種叫做脊髓刺激器的設(shè)備可以幫助控制神經(jīng)性疼痛。

Back pain

背部疼痛

Chronic back pain is pervasive . First comes back pain itself, followed by the agony of back surgery – which can then lead to a sequel of long-lasting pain if things don't go well, Buvanendran warns. Advanced brain scans called functional magnetic resonance imaging, or fMRI, have identified changes in the brain stemming from chronic low back pain, according to a March 2018 evidence review in the Clinical Journal of Pain. If you live with low back pain, you may have to go through a gamut of treatments and lifestyle changes to find a method that works.

慢性背痛很普遍。Buvanendran警告說(shuō)，首先是背部疼痛本身，其次是背部手術(shù)的痛苦——如果事情進(jìn)展不順利，手術(shù)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致長(zhǎng)期的疼痛。根據(jù)2018年3月發(fā)表在《疼痛臨床雜志》(Clinical Journal of pain)上的一篇證據(jù)綜述，被稱為功能性磁共振成像(fMRI)的高級(jí)腦部掃描，已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了由慢性下腰痛引起的大腦變化。如果你患有下腰痛，你可能必須經(jīng)歷一系列的治療和生活方式的改變，才能找到一種有效的方法。