為什么做一個(gè)樂觀主義者對(duì)你的心臟有好處

為什么做一個(gè)樂觀主義者對(duì)你的心臟有好處

Looking on the bright side could save your life.

往好的方面想可以挽救你的生命。

People who look at life from a positive perspective have a much stronger shot at avoiding death from any type of cardiovascular risk than pessimistic people, according to a analysis of nearly 300,000 people published Friday in the medical journal JAMA.

周五發(fā)表在醫(yī)學(xué)雜志《美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)雜志》(JAMA)上的一項(xiàng)對(duì)近30萬人的分析顯示，從積極的角度看待生活的人比悲觀的人更有可能避免死于任何類型的心血管疾病。

"We observed that an optimist had about a 35% lower risk of major heart complications, such as a cardiac death, stroke or a heart attack, compared to the pessimists in each of these studies," said cardiologist Dr. Alan Rozanski, a professor of medicine at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, who is lead author of the study.

該研究的主要作者、西奈山伊坎醫(yī)學(xué)院的醫(yī)學(xué)教授、心臟病學(xué)家艾倫·羅贊斯基博士說：“我們觀察到，與這些研究中的悲觀者相比，樂觀者的主要心臟并發(fā)癥(如心臟死亡、中風(fēng)或心臟病發(fā))風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低了35%。

In fact, the more positive the person, the greater the protection from heart attacks, stroke and any cause of death, said Rozanski, who is also the chief academic officer for the department of cardiology at Mount Sinai St. Luke's.

事實(shí)上，一個(gè)人越積極，就越能更好地預(yù)防心臟病、中風(fēng)和其他死亡原因，羅贊斯基說，他也是西奈山圣盧克醫(yī)院心臟病學(xué)部的首席學(xué)術(shù)官。

"The more pessimistic (a person was), the worse the outcome," he added.

“一個(gè)人越悲觀，結(jié)果就越糟，”他補(bǔ)充道。

It's not just your heart that's protected by a positive outlook. Prior research has found a direct link between optimism and other positive health attributes, such as healthier diet and exercise behaviors, a stronger immune system and better lung function, among others.

不僅僅是你的心受到積極心態(tài)的保護(hù)。先前的研究已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)樂觀和其他積極的健康屬性之間有直接的聯(lián)系，比如更健康的飲食和鍛煉行為，更強(qiáng)的免疫系統(tǒng)和更好的肺功能等等。

Traits of optimists

樂觀主義者的特征

Why would that be true? Optimists tend to have better health habits, Rozanski said. They're more likely to exercise, have better diets and are less likely to smoke.

為什么會(huì)這樣呢?羅贊斯基說，樂觀主義者往往有更好的健康習(xí)慣。他們更有可能鍛煉，有更好的飲食習(xí)慣，不太可能吸煙。

"Optimists also tend to have better coping skills and are better problem-solvers," he continued. "They are better at what we call proactive coping, or anticipating problems and then proactively taking steps to fix them."

他還說:“樂觀主義者往往有更好的應(yīng)對(duì)技巧，也更善于解決問題。”“他們更擅長(zhǎng)我們所說的積極應(yīng)對(duì)，也就是預(yù)測(cè)問題，然后主動(dòng)采取措施解決問題。”

But don't get confuse optimism with happiness, as there is a key difference.

但是不要把樂觀和幸?；煜耍?yàn)檫@兩者有一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的區(qū)別。

"Happiness is an emotion. It's transient," Rozanski said. "People may have more moments of happiness than others ... but it's just a description of a feeling."

“幸福是一種情感。這是短暫的，”羅贊斯基說。“人們可能比其他人擁有更多的幸福時(shí)刻……但這只是一種感覺的描述。”

Optimism, however, is a mindset, Rozanski says.

然而，羅贊斯基說，樂觀是一種心態(tài)。

"It's how you look at the world," he says. "Optimists are people who expect good things to happen to them, and pessimists are those who expect bad things to happen to them."

“這是你看待世界的方式，”他說。“樂觀主義者是那些認(rèn)為好事會(huì)發(fā)生在自己身上的人，而悲觀主義者是那些認(rèn)為壞事會(huì)發(fā)生在自己身上的人。”

In other words, happiness may come and go but optimism is a character trait.

換句話說，快樂可能來了又去，但樂觀是一種性格特征。

Learning optimism

學(xué)習(xí)樂觀

What if you take the test and discover you're a pessimist? Don't fret. Studies show you can actually train yourself to be a positive person.

如果你參加了測(cè)試，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己是個(gè)悲觀主義者呢?別擔(dān)心。研究表明你可以訓(xùn)練自己成為一個(gè)積極的人。

"People can change their thought patterns," Rozanski said.

“人們可以改變他們的思維模式，”羅贊斯基說。

Using direct measures of brain function and structure, one study found it only took 30 minutes a day of meditation practice over the course of two weeks to produce a measurable change in the brain.

通過對(duì)大腦功能和結(jié)構(gòu)的直接測(cè)量，一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在兩周的時(shí)間里，每天只需30分鐘的冥想練習(xí)，大腦就會(huì)產(chǎn)生可測(cè)量的變化。

One of the most effective ways to increase optimism, according to an analysis of existing studies, is called the "Best Possible Self" method, where you imagine or journal about yourself in a future in which you have achieved all your life goals and all of your problems have been resolved.

根據(jù)對(duì)現(xiàn)有研究的分析，增加樂觀情緒的最有效方法之一被稱為“最佳可能的自我”方法，在這種方法中，你可以想象或記錄自己在未來的生活，在未來你已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了所有的人生目標(biāo)，所有的問題都已經(jīng)解決。

Another technique is to practice gratefulness. Just taking a few minutes each day to write down what makes you thankful can improve your outlook on life.

另一個(gè)技巧是練習(xí)感恩。每天花幾分鐘寫下讓你感恩的事情可以改善你的人生觀。

And while you're at it, list the positive experiences you had that day, which can also raise your optimism.

當(dāng)你這樣做的時(shí)候，列出你當(dāng)天的積極經(jīng)歷，這也能提升你的樂觀情緒。