打屁股在美國(guó)已經(jīng)有所減少，但兒科醫(yī)生擔(dān)心流行病的影響

打屁股在美國(guó)已經(jīng)有所減少，但兒科醫(yī)生擔(dān)心流行病的影響

Millennials and Gen X parents appear to be spanking their kids less than previous generations, according to a research letter published Monday in the medical journal JAMA Pediatrics.

周一發(fā)表在醫(yī)學(xué)雜志《美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)雜志·兒科學(xué)》上的一份研究報(bào)告顯示，千禧一代和X一代的父母打孩子的次數(shù)似乎比前幾代人少。

"This article is really impressive ... and corresponds with our view that there's been a generational change," Dr. Robert Sege said, lead author of the American Academy of Pediatrics' policy statement on corporal punishment.

“這篇文章真讓人印象深刻。。。這與我們的觀點(diǎn)一致，那就是一代人的變化，”美國(guó)兒科學(xué)會(huì)關(guān)于體罰的政策聲明的主要作者羅伯特·塞格博士說(shuō)。

"Younger people tend not to hit their children," said Sege, who was not involved in the new study. "As we've woken up to the issues of domestic violence and intimate partner violence there's been a growing rejection of any sort of violence within the home, including spanking."

“年輕人往往不打他們的孩子，” 塞格說(shuō)，他沒(méi)有參與這項(xiàng)新研究。“當(dāng)我們意識(shí)到家庭暴力和親密伴侶暴力的問(wèn)題時(shí)，越來(lái)越多的人拒絕任何形式的家庭暴力，包括打屁股。”

The new analysis used data from the Monitoring the Future study, a national survey of 25 consecutive groups of graduating high school seniors between 1993 and 2017. Each group was reassessed 17 years later, at about 35 years of age. The study excluded those without children or with older children.

這項(xiàng)新的分析使用了來(lái)自監(jiān)測(cè)未來(lái)研究的數(shù)據(jù)，該研究在1993年至2017年間對(duì)25個(gè)連續(xù)的高中畢業(yè)生群體進(jìn)行了調(diào)查。每一組在17年后，大約35歲時(shí)被重新評(píng)估。這項(xiàng)研究排除了那些沒(méi)有孩子或有更大孩子的人。

Some 50% of parents reported spanking a child in 1993; By 2017 that number was down to 35%. While excellent news, that number is still too high by standards set by the American Academy of Pediatrics in 2018.

大約50%的父母報(bào)告在1993年打過(guò)孩子;到2017年，這一數(shù)字降至35%。盡管是個(gè)好消息，但以美國(guó)兒科學(xué)會(huì)2018年制定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)看，這個(gè)數(shù)字還是太高了。

The pediatricians' group suggests adults caring for children use "healthy forms of discipline" -- such as positive reinforcement of appropriate behaviors, setting limits and setting expectations -- and not use spanking, slapping, threatening, insulting, or humiliating.

兒科醫(yī)生小組建議，照顧兒童的成年人應(yīng)使用“健康的管教形式”——例如積極加強(qiáng)適當(dāng)?shù)男袨椤⒃O(shè)定限制和設(shè)定期望值——而不是使用打屁股、打耳光、威脅、侮辱、或羞辱的方式。

"Parents should never hit their child and never use verbal insults that would humiliate or shame the child," said Sege, who directs the Center for Community-engaged Medicine at Tufts University in Boston.

波士頓塔夫茨大學(xué)社區(qū)參與醫(yī)學(xué)中心的負(fù)責(zé)人塞格說(shuō)：“父母不應(yīng)該打孩子，也不應(yīng)該使用侮辱或羞辱孩子的言語(yǔ)侮辱。”

One preliminary study during the first six weeks of the pandemic, by theRapid Assessment of Pandemic Impact on Development, or RAPID, project of the University of Oregon, found an immediate increase in both caregiver stress and emotional and behavioral issues in children.

俄勒岡大學(xué)“大流行對(duì)發(fā)展影響的快速評(píng)估”項(xiàng)目在大流行前六周進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)初步研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，照料者的壓力以及兒童的情緒和行為問(wèn)題立即增加。

Since then, emotional and mental difficulties have appeared to ease for children and their parents, the survey found, with key exceptions: Stress indicators in lower-income and single-parent households were continuing to increase as the weeks went by.

調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，自那以后，孩子和父母的情緒和精神問(wèn)題似乎得到了緩解，但有幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵的例外:隨著時(shí)間的推移，低收入和單親家庭的壓力指標(biāo)繼續(xù)上升。

To uncover what is happening across the country, the American Academy of Pediatrics and Prevent Child Abuse America will begin a longitudinal study in August of how parents across the country are coping.

為了了解全國(guó)正在發(fā)生的事情，美國(guó)兒科學(xué)會(huì)和防止虐待兒童協(xié)會(huì)將在8月份開(kāi)始一項(xiàng)縱向研究，調(diào)查全國(guó)的父母是如何應(yīng)對(duì)的。

"We plan to really look deeply at what are the positive experiences that children are receiving? What are their adverse experiences and how are parenting practices changing during all of it?" Sege said.

“我們計(jì)劃真正深入研究孩子們正在接受哪些積極的體驗(yàn)?”他們的不良經(jīng)歷是什么?在整個(gè)過(guò)程中，父母的做法發(fā)生了怎樣的變化?”塞格說(shuō)。

"All of us who care about children are very concerned about what happens if the extra benefits, the unemployment benefits and all of those things no longer exist," he added.

他補(bǔ)充道:“我們所有關(guān)心兒童的人都非常擔(dān)心，如果額外福利、失業(yè)福利和所有這些東西不再存在，會(huì)發(fā)生什么情況。”

Making sure that Americans don't revert to corporal punishment is key, experts say. An increasing amount of research shows that the end results of corporal punishment may not be positive.

專家說(shuō)，關(guān)鍵是要確保美國(guó)人不會(huì)重蹈體罰的覆轍。越來(lái)越多的研究表明體罰的最終結(jié)果可能不是積極的。

"The point of disciplining a child is teaching that child self-regulation when Mom and Dad aren't around," Sege said. "Spanking doesn't accomplish that."

塞格說(shuō):“管教孩子的重點(diǎn)是在父母不在的時(shí)候教會(huì)孩子自律。”“打屁股并不能達(dá)到這個(gè)目的。”