危害健康的不只是二手煙。三手煙也可以

危害健康的不只是二手煙。三手煙也可以

A new study out of Yale University says thirdhand smoke -- the tobacco contaminants that adhere to walls, bedding, carpet and other surfaces until a room smells like an ashtray -- can actually cling to a smoker's body and clothes as well.

耶魯大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)新研究表明，“三手煙”——即附著在墻壁、床上用品、地毯和其他表面的煙草污染物，直到房間聞起來像煙灰缸——實(shí)際上也會附著在吸煙者的身體和衣服上。

Those potentially toxic chemicals, including nicotine, can then be released into environments where smoking has never occurred, like your movie theater, according to the study.

根據(jù)這項(xiàng)研究，這些潛在的有毒化學(xué)物質(zhì)，包括尼古丁，會被釋放到從未發(fā)生過吸煙的環(huán)境中，比如你的電影院。

Even more disturbing: The study found those chemical exposure levels could be the equivalent of between one and 10 cigarettes by the end of the movie.

更令人不安的是:研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，電影結(jié)束時，這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)的暴露量可能相當(dāng)于1至10支香煙。

"People are substantial carriers of thirdhand smoke contaminants to other environments," said study author Drew Gentner, an associate professor of chemical and environmental engineering at Yale.

耶魯大學(xué)化學(xué)與環(huán)境工程副教授、研究作者德魯·跟特納說:“人們是其他環(huán)境三手煙污染物的主要攜帶者。”

The study, published Wednesday in the journal Science Advances, may be the first to show that people can transmit nicotine and other potentially toxic chemicals via their clothing after smoking, he said.

這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)表在周三的《科學(xué)進(jìn)展》雜志上，他說，這可能是第一次證明人們吸煙后可以通過衣服傳播尼古丁和其他潛在的有毒化學(xué)物質(zhì)。

"That was the unique part of this study," Gentner continued. "We were surprised by the wide array of hazardous volatile organic compounds that were off-gassing from the audience -- including some that are known to be known carcinogens in people, such as benzene and formaldehyde."

“這是這項(xiàng)研究的獨(dú)特之處，”根特納繼續(xù)說道。“我們驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，觀眾席上散發(fā)出大量有害的揮發(fā)性有機(jī)化合物，其中包括一些已知的致癌物質(zhì)，如苯和甲醛。”

What is 'thirdhand smoke'?

什么是“三手煙”?

Thirdhand "smoke" isn't actually smoke at all. It's the residue of nicotine and other chemicals in tobacco, some of which are toxic, that remain long after active smoking is over.

“三手煙”實(shí)際上根本就不是煙。它是煙草中尼古丁和其他化學(xué)物質(zhì)的殘留物，其中一些是有毒的，在主動吸煙結(jié)束后仍會存留很長時間。

Some of these chemicals stick to surfaces, and others attach to dust particles. Still others often penetrate deep into wallboard, drapes and upholstery. As the compounds linger, they may react with oxidants or other particles in the room's atmosphere. The chemical reactions can create potentially harmful byproducts that can become airborne.

其中一些化學(xué)物質(zhì)會附著在表面，另一些則附著在灰塵顆粒上。還有一些經(jīng)常滲透到墻板、窗簾和室內(nèi)裝飾品中。當(dāng)這些化合物停留在室內(nèi)時，它們可能與氧化劑或空氣中的其他顆粒發(fā)生反應(yīng)?；瘜W(xué)反應(yīng)會產(chǎn)生可能在空氣中傳播的有害副產(chǎn)物。

Science has known about this type of environmental pollution for years, sparking the creation of smoking and non-smoking rooms at hotels, restaurants and the like.

多年來，科學(xué)界已經(jīng)認(rèn)識到這種環(huán)境污染，在旅館、餐館等地創(chuàng)造了吸煙和無煙客房。

But thirdhand smoke has also been found in environments which were not known to be contaminated by smokers, which led researchers to ask how that could happen.

但是在不被吸煙者污染的環(huán)境中也發(fā)現(xiàn)了三手煙，這讓研究人員想知道這是怎么發(fā)生的。

To find out, Gentner and some of his PhD students set up an experiment in a movie theater that had not allowed smoking for more than 15 years. They supplied fresh air into the theater, making sure that no smoking or other contaminants entered the space.

為了找到答案，跟特納和他的一些博士生在一家禁止吸煙超過15年的電影院做了一個實(shí)驗(yàn)。他們?yōu)閯≡禾峁┬迈r空氣，確保沒有吸煙或其他污染物進(jìn)入電影院。

Sophisticated equipment measured airborne particles before and after moviegoers arrived. Right away, they saw a huge spike in levels of hazardous chemicals.

先進(jìn)的設(shè)備測量了電影觀眾到達(dá)電影院前后空氣中的顆粒。很快，他們就看到了危險化學(xué)物質(zhì)的含量急劇上升。

As people came into the theater, the concentrations went up, and then decreased over time, Gentner said.

根特納說，當(dāng)人們進(jìn)入電影院時，濃度會上升，然后隨著時間的推移會下降。

"But they didn't completely disappear after the audience left," he added. "In many cases, the persistent contamination was observable the following day in the unoccupied theater."

“但在觀眾離開后，它們并沒有完全消失，”他補(bǔ)充道。“在很多情況下，第二天在無人的劇院可以觀察到持續(xù)的污染。”

Despite declines in smoking in some developed nations, there are still over a billion smokers worldwide, according to the World Health Organization.

根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織的數(shù)據(jù)，盡管一些發(fā)達(dá)國家的吸煙率有所下降，但全球仍有超過10億煙民。

"That billion smokers contribute to about 880,000 deaths from secondhand smoke," said Dr. Jagat Narula, a cardiologist at Mount Sinai Morningside in New York City who researches the health impact of smoking. "I call it a form of murder."

“這10億煙民造成了約88萬人死于二手煙，”研究吸煙對健康影響的紐約市西奈山晨城心臟病專家賈格特·納拉博士說。“我稱之為一種謀殺。”