嘗試這種對地球友好的飲食來對抗氣候變化

嘗試這種對地球友好的飲食來對抗氣候變化

There is no avoiding it — we have to eat every day. And as the effects of climate change become increasingly evident, the choices we make about what we're eating are more significant than ever.

這是無法避免的——我們每天都要吃東西。隨著氣候變化的影響越來越明顯，我們對飲食的選擇比以往任何時(shí)候都更加重要。

With many of us cooking at home these days, there is more of an opportunity to use food to fight climate change. By adjusting your eating habits, you can help make a more positive impact on your health as well as the Earth's.

如今，隨著我們許多人在家做飯，有更多的機(jī)會(huì)利用食物來對抗氣候變化。通過調(diào)整你的飲食習(xí)慣，你可以對你的健康和地球的健康產(chǎn)生更積極的影響。

Ease up on red meat

少吃紅肉

If you only make one switch in the service of the planet, cutting out red meat and animal proteins will have the greatest immediate impact.

如果你為地球服務(wù)只做一次改變，那么不吃紅肉和動(dòng)物蛋白將會(huì)產(chǎn)生最直接的影響。

"A diet without meat products can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 49 percent," said Galen Karlan-Mason, founder and CEO of GreenChoice, a grocery shopping app that helps consumers make informed choices about sustainability and nutrition.

“沒有肉制品的飲食可以減少49%的溫室氣體排放，”GreenChoice的創(chuàng)始人兼首席執(zhí)行官蓋倫·卡蘭·梅森說，GreenChoice是一款幫助消費(fèi)者對可持續(xù)性和營養(yǎng)做出明智選擇的購物應(yīng)用程序。

Karlan-Mason cited a number of factors that make industrial agriculture one of the most environmentally taxing processes in global food production. "We monocrop corn and soy and process it into feed, ship the feed to the cattle, provide land and water, and repeat for the life of the cattle, all while the cattle release methane gas daily."

卡蘭·梅森列舉了許多因素，這些因素使工業(yè)農(nóng)業(yè)成為全球糧食生產(chǎn)中對環(huán)境影響最大的過程之一。”我們種植玉米和大豆，并將其加工成飼料，將飼料運(yùn)送給牛，提供土地和水，這樣循環(huán)往復(fù)，而牛每天都會(huì)釋放甲烷氣體。”

Plant-based meats, however, aren't a one-to-one replacement for burgers and sausages. "If we look at soy production, it's second to beef in environmental damage — we're replacing first degree murder with second degree murder," said Douglas Murray, associate professor and chair of the nutrition and food studies department at Montclair State University in New Jersey.

然而，植物性肉類并不是漢堡和香腸的一對一替代品。新澤西州蒙特克萊爾州立大學(xué)營養(yǎng)與食品研究系主任道格拉斯·默里副教授說:“如果我們看看大豆生產(chǎn)，它對環(huán)境的破壞僅次于牛肉——我們正在用二級(jí)謀殺取代一級(jí)謀殺。”

Focus on unprocessed ingredients

關(guān)注未加工的原料

Beyond engineered substitutes, vegetarian protein sources are the obvious swap-in for meat. Most vegetables, as noted in the 2018 Science study, have less of a carbon footprint than even the least impactful animal protein sources, like fish, eggs and dairy.

除了轉(zhuǎn)基因替代品，素食蛋白來源顯然是肉類的替代品。正如2018年《科學(xué)》研究指出的那樣，大多數(shù)蔬菜的碳足跡甚至比影響最小的動(dòng)物蛋白來源(如魚、蛋和奶制品)還要少。

The phrase "plant-based diet" is a wide-ranging term that encompasses high-protein vegetarian foods like beans, lentils, leafy greens, quinoa and other unprocessed ingredients.

“植物性飲食”是一個(gè)廣泛的術(shù)語，包括高蛋白素食，如豆類、扁豆、綠葉蔬菜、藜麥和其他未經(jīng)加工的材料。

Replacing beef with one of these in your chili, for example, is a small change that can also have a positive effect on your health. There is a correlation between vegetarian diets and sustained weight loss as well as lower risks for certain types of cancer and heart disease, multiple studies have shown.

例如，用辣椒中的一種來代替牛肉，是一種小小的改變，對你的健康也有積極的影響。多項(xiàng)研究表明，素食與持續(xù)減肥以及降低患某些癌癥和心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之間存在關(guān)聯(lián)。

Local is great, but not everything

本地的很好，但不是所有的東西都好

"Eat local" has long been a sustainability mantra, and community farmers' markets have proliferated over the past 15 years. The number of farmers' markets nationwide skyrocketed from 1,755 in 1994 to 8,771 in 2019, according to the USDA.

“吃本地菜”一直是一個(gè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的口號(hào)，社區(qū)農(nóng)貿(mào)市場在過去15年里激增。根據(jù)美國農(nóng)業(yè)部的數(shù)據(jù)，全國農(nóng)貿(mào)市場的數(shù)量從1994年的1755個(gè)猛增到2019年的8771個(gè)。

But surprisingly, fuel, transport and packaging don't have as much of an impact on emissions as you might think.

但令人驚訝的是，燃料、運(yùn)輸和包裝對排放的影響并不像你想象的那么大。

"It pales in comparison to the impact of the way land is used," said Shyla Raghav, vice president of climate change at Conservation International, with land use and farm emissions accounting for 80 percent of a food's carbon footprint and transport averaging 5 percent.

國際保護(hù)組織負(fù)責(zé)氣候變化的副主席夏拉·拉加夫說:“與土地使用方式的影響相比，這就顯得微不足道了。”土地使用和農(nóng)業(yè)排放占糧食碳足跡的80%，交通運(yùn)輸平均占5%。

What about seafood?

海產(chǎn)品怎么樣?

"There's a lot of rampant overfishing that's affecting fish stocks around the world," Raghav said, so doing research before buying and eating fish is more important than ever.

”有很多猖獗的過度捕撈正在影響世界各地的魚類資源，”拉加夫說，因此在購買和食用魚類之前進(jìn)行研究比以往任何時(shí)候都重要。

Smaller fish like anchovies and sardines, which don't take as much fuel or energy to process, especially in comparison to larger fin fish like tuna. And in terms of sustainable aquaculture, farmed bivalves like oysters and mussels can help clean up waterways through their natural filtering and feeding habits.

像鳳尾魚和沙丁魚這樣的小魚，加工它們不需要那么多的燃料和能量，尤其是和金槍魚這樣的大鰭魚相比。在可持續(xù)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖方面，養(yǎng)殖的牡蠣和貽貝等雙殼類動(dòng)物可以通過它們的自然過濾和進(jìn)食習(xí)慣幫助清理水道。