乘公共汽車(或地鐵)安全嗎?

乘公共汽車(或地鐵)安全嗎?

A worker disinfects the inside of a bus in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Transit agencies are taking new steps to reduce the risks for riders during the pandemic.

在埃塞俄比亞首都亞的斯亞貝巴，一名工人正在給一輛公交車內(nèi)部消毒。運(yùn)輸機(jī)構(gòu)正在采取新的措施，以減少流行病期間乘客的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

Is it safe to take public transit?

乘坐公共交通安全嗎?

On the one hand, data reveals that people are staying away from mass transit in huge numbers compared to before the novel coronavirus. In New York City, for instance, subway ridership is at just 20% of its 5.5 million weekday riders pre-pandemic.

一方面，數(shù)據(jù)顯示，與新冠病毒出現(xiàn)之前相比，遠(yuǎn)離公共交通的人越來越多。以紐約市為例，目前的地鐵客流量?jī)H為疫情爆發(fā)前550萬工作日客流量的20%。

Transit, a mobile app providing real-time public transit data, analyzed 139 transit agencies spanning 68 metro areas and 6 countries and found that demand for public transit has dropped 53% since the onset of the pandemic.

提供實(shí)時(shí)公共交通數(shù)據(jù)的移動(dòng)應(yīng)用程序Transit分析了橫跨68個(gè)都市區(qū)和6個(gè)國家的139個(gè)公共交通機(jī)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)自疫情爆發(fā)以來公共交通需求下降了53%。

People are understandably worried about the risks of contagion and being trapped in an enclosed space for the duration of a trip.

人們擔(dān)心被傳染的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，擔(dān)心在旅途中被限制在一個(gè)封閉的空間，這是可以理解的。

But ridership is beginning to rebound. Since April, the Transit app data shows, the number of those taking public transit has slowly but steadily increased.

但客流量開始回升。 Transit 應(yīng)用的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，自4月份以來，乘坐公共交通的人數(shù)一直在緩慢但穩(wěn)定地增長(zhǎng)。

Plus, for many, like essential workers, stopping commuting wasn't a choice, as Stephen Morse, professor of epidemiology at the Columbia University Medical Center points out.

此外，正如哥倫比亞大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)中心的流行病學(xué)教授斯蒂芬•莫爾斯指出的那樣，對(duì)許多人來說，就像基本工作人員一樣，停止通勤并不是一個(gè)選擇。

"Many of us may have no alternative – especially when it comes to essential workers, who, in New York, travel from various boroughs to work," says Morse. "There's no alternative to mass transit."

莫爾斯說:“我們很多人可能沒有其他選擇，特別是對(duì)于那些在紐約需要從不同的區(qū)去工作的基礎(chǔ)員工。”“除了公共交通，沒有別的選擇。”

Unfortunately, few academic studies have systematically looked at the risk of mass transit — although case studies from public health authorities in Paris, Austria and Tokyo have been unable to tie any group of outbreaks to rail lines or city public transportation.

不幸的是，很少有學(xué)術(shù)研究系統(tǒng)地考察公共交通的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)——盡管來自巴黎、奧地利和東京公共衛(wèi)生當(dāng)局的案例研究未能將任何一組疫情與鐵路或城市公共交通聯(lián)系起來。

Nonetheless, Morse and other public health specialists urge that mass transit be approached with caution.

盡管如此，莫爾斯和其他公共衛(wèi)生專家敦促人們謹(jǐn)慎使用公共交通。

Morse says that with all public transit — buses, subways, trains — there is always some risk of infection. After all, you are entering a public space.

莫爾斯說，所有的公共交通工具——公共汽車、地鐵、火車——都有感染的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。畢竟，你進(jìn)入的是一個(gè)公共空間。

Robyn Gershon, a clinical professor of epidemiology and public health disaster researcher who has studied the impact of COVID-19 on transit workers, says you can divide the safety of motorized transit options into tiers.

流行病學(xué)臨床教授和公共衛(wèi)生災(zāi)難研究人員羅賓·格爾森研究了COVID-19對(duì)運(yùn)輸工人的影響，他說，你可以把機(jī)動(dòng)車運(yùn)輸?shù)陌踩苑譃閹讉€(gè)等級(jí)。

Safest is driving your own car, but of course, not everyone owns or can even afford a car.

最安全的是開自己的車，當(dāng)然，并不是每個(gè)人都擁有或者買得起一輛車。

Rideshare apps like Uber come next, but they're a little challenging in terms of evaluating risk, Gershon says. It's a good sign when your driver has put up panels that create a barrier between the front and back of the car, wears a mask and keeps the windows open to encourage ventilation and airflow. Such measures help reduce the risk of viral particle exchange between you and your driver.

其次是優(yōu)步等拼車應(yīng)用，但在評(píng)估風(fēng)險(xiǎn)方面，它們有點(diǎn)挑戰(zhàn)性，格爾森說。如果你的司機(jī)在車的前后之間安裝了隔離板，戴上了口罩，并讓車窗保持開著以促進(jìn)通風(fēng)和空氣流通，這是一個(gè)好跡象。這些措施有助于減少你和司機(jī)之間病毒顆粒交換的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

Buses and subways represent the final — and greatest — tier of risk. Gershon says buses might pose even more potential risk, because it could be harder for passengers to maintain distance from each other while subways tend to have several cars on a train, offering a greater opportunity to stay 6 feet or more from others.

公共汽車和地鐵是最后也是最大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。格爾森說，公交車可能會(huì)帶來更大的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)槌丝椭g很難保持距離，而地鐵往往有好幾節(jié)車廂，乘客之間有更大的機(jī)會(huì)保持6英尺甚至更遠(yuǎn)的距離。

"I think you can prudently ride the subway if you're reasonably healthy and have no other risk factors," Gershon says.

“我認(rèn)為，如果你身體健康，而且沒有其他危險(xiǎn)因素，你可以謹(jǐn)慎地乘坐地鐵，” 格爾森說。