研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，益生菌可能有助于控制兒童肥胖

研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，益生菌可能有助于控制兒童肥胖

More than 340 million children and adolescents, globally, were overweight or obese in 2016, meaning they're at greater risk for obesity and disease later in life, and even early death. One solution to the growing burden could be found by turning attention to kids' gut health.

2016年，全球有超過(guò)3.4億兒童和青少年超重或肥胖，這意味著他們?cè)谕砟昝媾R更大的肥胖和疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，甚至早死的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。解決日益加重的負(fù)擔(dān)的一個(gè)辦法是將注意力轉(zhuǎn)向孩子的腸道健康。

In combination with a calorie-controlled diet, the probiotic strain Bifidobacterium breve may help children and adolescents with obesity lose weight, according to a small study to be presented Monday at e-ECE 2020, the 22nd European Congress of Endocrinology.

根據(jù)周一在第22屆歐洲內(nèi)分泌學(xué)大會(huì)e-ECE 2020上發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)小型研究，結(jié)合卡路里控制飲食，益生菌株短雙歧桿菌可能有助于肥胖兒童和青少年減肥。

Our gut microbiota are a dynamic population of more than 100 trillion microorganisms within our gastrointestinal tract, and they're responsible for maintaining immune function, normal metabolism and protection against pathogens. Diet has been considered a key driver of gut microbiota, and imbalances in the microbiota have been linked with diseases and infections.

我們的腸道微生物群是腸道內(nèi)一個(gè)超過(guò)100萬(wàn)億微生物的動(dòng)態(tài)群體，它們負(fù)責(zé)維持免疫功能、正常代謝和抵御病原體。飲食被認(rèn)為是腸道微生物群的關(guān)鍵驅(qū)動(dòng)因素，而微生物群的失衡與疾病和感染有關(guān)。

Probiotics consist of live bacteria and other microorganisms "that are intended to have health benefits when consumed or applied to the body" and can be found in yogurt, other fermented foods and dietary supplements, according to the US National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.

據(jù)美國(guó)國(guó)家補(bǔ)充和綜合健康中心稱，益生菌由活菌和其他微生物組成，“食用或應(yīng)用于身體時(shí)對(duì)健康有益”，可以在酸奶、其他發(fā)酵食品和膳食補(bǔ)充劑中找到。

Similar to or the same as the microorganisms naturally present within our bodies, some bacteria of these probiotics can help aid digestion, vitamin production and destruction of disease-causing cells.

與我們體內(nèi)自然存在的微生物相似或相同，這些益生菌中的一些細(xì)菌可以幫助消化、產(chǎn)生維生素和破壞致病細(xì)胞。

Bifidobacteria are one of the most common bacteria used in probiotics since they naturally live in our stomachs and intestines and protect against pathogens, regulate our immune system and provide nutrients by breaking down carbohydrates and fiber. This strain also produces short-chain-fatty-acids, which also play an important role in regulating gut health, hunger and weight.

雙歧桿菌是益生菌中最常見(jiàn)的細(xì)菌之一，因?yàn)樗鼈冏匀簧钤谖覀兊奈负湍c道中，保護(hù)我們抵抗病原體，調(diào)節(jié)我們的免疫系統(tǒng)，并通過(guò)分解碳水化合物和纖維提供營(yíng)養(yǎng)。這種菌株還產(chǎn)生短鏈脂肪酸，在調(diào)節(jié)腸道健康、饑餓和體重方面也發(fā)揮著重要作用。

Prior research used mixtures of probiotic strains to assess the effect on obesity management, so the authors of the current study sought to find out what happened when they administered Bifidobacteria alone.

先前的研究使用混合的益生菌菌株來(lái)評(píng)估對(duì)肥胖管理的影響，所以當(dāng)前研究的作者試圖找出當(dāng)他們單獨(dú)使用雙歧桿菌時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生什么。

Probiotics for weight management
控制體重的益生菌

The authors studied 100 children and adolescents between ages 6 and 18 with obesity and insulin resistance — a condition in which cells in the muscles, fat and liver don't respond well to insulin and can't easily absorb blood glucose, so the pancreas produces more insulin to help glucose enter the cells. The reduced absorption creates a buildup of glucose in the blood over time, potentially setting the stage for the onset of type 2 diabetes.

作者研究了100名年齡在6歲到18歲之間的兒童和青少年，他們患有肥胖和胰島素抵抗——在這種情況下，肌肉、脂肪和肝臟的細(xì)胞對(duì)胰島素沒(méi)有很好的反應(yīng)，也不能輕易吸收血糖，因此胰腺產(chǎn)生更多的胰島素來(lái)幫助葡萄糖進(jìn)入細(xì)胞。隨著時(shí)間的推移，血液中葡萄糖的吸收減少，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致2型糖尿病的發(fā)生。

All children were on a Mediterranean-style diet with a calorie limit tailored to their needs, said the study's lead author, Dr. Flavia Prodam, an associate professor in clinical nutrition in the department of health sciences at the University of Piemonte Orientale in Italy. Children then received either the probiotic for eight weeks or a placebo.

該研究的主要作者、意大利東方皮埃蒙特大學(xué)(健康科學(xué)學(xué)系臨床營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)副教授弗拉維亞·普羅達(dá)姆博士說(shuō)，所有的孩子都采用了地中海式飲食，并根據(jù)自己的需要設(shè)定了熱量限制。然后兒童服用8周的益生菌或安慰劑。

Both groups ultimately experienced a reduction in body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, insulin resistance and concentrations of E. coli bacteria in their guts. The participants who took probiotics, however, saw greater results in weight loss, insulin sensitivity and reduced E. coli concentrations.

兩組人最終的體重指數(shù)、腰圍、血壓、胰島素抵抗和腸道內(nèi)大腸桿菌濃度均下降。然而，服用益生菌的參與者在減肥、胰島素敏感性和大腸桿菌濃度下降方面有更大的效果。

Caring for your child's gut health

照顧孩子的腸道健康

Parents interested in caring for their child's gut microbiota for weight management or overall health can look to whole food sources. Many fermented foods and cultured dairy products — such as yogurt, kefir, goat milk, aged cheeses, kimchi, miso and sauerkraut — contain living probiotics. Packaged foods can contain single or multiple probiotic strains, but the ingredients label can delineate which strains are present and whether they're live and active.

想要照顧孩子腸道微生物群以控制體重或保持整體健康的父母可以從全食物來(lái)源尋求幫助。許多發(fā)酵食品和培養(yǎng)乳制品——如酸奶、開(kāi)菲爾、山羊奶、陳年奶酪、泡菜、味噌和泡菜——都含有活的益生菌。包裝食品可能含有單個(gè)或多個(gè)益生菌菌株，但成分標(biāo)簽可以說(shuō)明哪些菌株存在，以及它們是否是活的和活性的。

Foods such as "wheat, onion, banana, garlic and leek" can also feed the Bifidobacteria in our guts, Prodam said.

普羅達(dá)姆說(shuō)，像“小麥、洋蔥、香蕉、大蒜和韭菜”這樣的食物也可以喂養(yǎng)腸道中的雙歧桿菌。

Whether children have more or less of certain probiotic strains can be genetically and environmentally predisposed, Moran said — but microbiota composition can also be "directly dependent on eating particular foods, including changes in the microbiota when we eat overly processed foods."

莫蘭說(shuō)，兒童體內(nèi)某些益生菌的含量是由遺傳因素和環(huán)境因素決定的，但是微生物群的組成也可能“直接依賴于吃特定的食物，包括我們吃過(guò)度加工的食物時(shí)微生物群的變化。”

"Eating a varied diet and avoiding lots of processed foods is the most important thing," Moran added. "The more processed foods that you eat, the more likely you are to have a bad effect on the microbiome. That could potentially lead to obesity but also potentially (gastrointestinal) distress and inflammatory conditions of the GI tract."

莫蘭補(bǔ)充說(shuō):“飲食多樣化，避免大量加工食品是最重要的。”“你吃的加工食品越多，就越有可能對(duì)微生物群產(chǎn)生不良影響。這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致肥胖，但也可能導(dǎo)致胃腸道不適和胃腸道炎癥。”