[英]克里斯托夫·馬洛(Christopher Marlowe)
《浮士德博士的悲劇》取材于德國傳奇。浮士德是一位偉大的學(xué)者,渴求各領(lǐng)域的知識。他對中世紀(jì)一成不變的學(xué)科深感厭惡,開始轉(zhuǎn)向一種黑魔法的研究。通過咒語他結(jié)識了魔鬼的仆從。浮士德與魔鬼簽訂了協(xié)議,他將自己的靈魂賣給魔鬼,作為回報,魔鬼則要在此后的24年中滿足浮士德所有求知的愿望。在魔鬼的幫助下,他盡情施展魔法,見到了教皇、亞歷山大大帝,以及絕代佳人希臘王后海倫。與此同時,浮士德經(jīng)歷了內(nèi)心的矛盾與斗爭。以下選段出自該劇的第一幕,是有關(guān)與魔鬼簽協(xié)議的情節(jié)。
ACT 1 SCENE 3
Faust:
Now that the gloomy shadow of the night,
Longing to view Orion's drizzling look,
Leaps from the antarctic world unto the sky
And dims the welkin with her pitchy breath.
Faustus, begin thine incantations
And try if devils will obey thy hest,
Seeing thou has prayed and sacrificed to them.
Within this circle is Jehovah's name
[He draws the circle on the ground.]
Forward and backward anagrammatized,
The breviated?names of holy saints,
Figures of every adjunct to the heavens
And characters of signs and erring stars,
By which the spirits are enforced to rise.
Then fear not, Faustus, but be resolute
And try the uttermost magic can perform.
[Enter MEPHISTOPHILIS in the shape of a dragon.]
I charge thee to return and change thy shape;
Thou art too ugly to attend on me.
Go, and return an old Franciscan friar;
That holy shape becomes a devil best.[Exit Meph.]
I see there's virtue in my heavenly words:
Who would not be proficient in this art?
How pliant is this Mephistophilis,
Full of obedience and humilit y!
Such is the force of magic and my spells.
Now, Faustus, thou art conjurer laureate
That canst command great Mephistophilis:
Quin redis, Mephistophilis, fratris imagin e!
[Re-enter Mephistophilis like a Friar.]
Meph:
Now, Faustus, what wouldst thou have me do?
Faust:
I charge thee wait upon me whilst I live
To do whatever Faustus shall command,
Be it be make the moon drop from her sphere
Or the ocean to overwhelm the world.
Meph:
I am a servant to great Lucifer
And may not follow thee without his leave;
No more than he commands must we perform.
Faust:
Did not he charge thee to appear to me?
Meph:
No, I came now hither of my own accord.
Faust:
Did not my conjuring?speeches raise thee?
Spea k!
Meph:
That was the cause, but yet per accident,
For when we hear one rack the name of God,
Abjure the Scriptures and his Saviour Christ,
We fly in hope to get his glorious soul;
Nor will we come unless he use such means
Whereby he is in danger to be damned;
Therefore the shortest cut for conjuring
Is stoutly to abjure the Trinity
And pray devoutly to the prince of hell.
Faust:
So I have done, and hold this principle,
There is no chief but only Belzebub
To whom Faustus doth dedicate himself.
This word“damnation”terrifies not me
For I confound hell in Elysium;
My ghost be with the old philosopher s!
But leaving these vain trifles of men's souls—
Tell me, what is that Lucifer thy lord?
Meph:
Arch-regent and commander of all spirits.
Faust:
Was not that Lucifer an angel once?
Meph:
Yes, Faustus, and most dearly loved of God.
Faust:
How comes it, then, that he is prince of devils?
Meph:
O, by aspiring pride and insolence,
For which God threw him from the face of heaven.
Faust:
And what are you that live with Lucifer?
Meph:
Unhappy spirits that fell with Lucifer,
Conspired against our God with Lucifer,
And are forever damned with Lucifer.
Faust:
Where are you damned?
Meph:
In hell.
Faust:
How comes it, then, that thou art out of hell?
Meph:
Why, this is hell, nor am I out of it:
Thinkst thou that I who saw the face of God
And tasted the eternal joys of heaven
Am not tormented with ten thousand hells
In being deprived of everlasting bliss?
O Faustus, leave these frivolous demands
Which strike a terror to my fainting sou l!
Faust:
What, is great Mephistophilis so passionate
For being deprived of the joys of heaven?
Learn thou of Faustus manly fortitude
And scorn those joys thou never shalt possess.
Go, bear these tidings to great Lucifer:
Seeing Faustus hath incurred eternal death
By desperate thoughts against Jove's deity,
Say he surrenders up to him his soul
So he will spare him four and twenty years,
Letting him live in all voluptuousness,
Having thee ever to attend on me:
To give me whatsoever I shall ask,
To tell me whatsoever I demand,
To slay mine enemies and aid my friends,
And always be obedient to my will.
Go, and return to mighty Lucifer,
And meet me in my study at midnight
And then resolve me of thy master's mind.
Meph:
I will, Faustus.[Exit]
Faust:
Had I as many souls as there be stars
I'd give them all for Mephistophili s!
By him I'll be great emperor of the world,
And make a bridge thorough the moving air
To pass the ocean with a band of men;
I'll join the hills that bind the Afric shore
And make that country continent to Spain,
And both contributory to my crown;
The Emperor shall not live but by my leave,
Nor any potentate of Germany.
Now that I have obtained what I desire
I'll live in speculation of this art
Till Mephistophilis return again.[Exit]
第一幕 第三場
浮士德:
現(xiàn)在陰郁的夜色,
欲呈現(xiàn)出獵戶座多雨的樣子,
從那南極的世界躍向天空,
以墨色的呼吸涂黑了整個蒼穹,
浮士德,開始做法吧,
看看魔鬼們是否能聽從你的符咒,
你已經(jīng)為他們奉獻(xiàn)了祭品,還向他們祈求。
這個圈里是耶和華的名字,
[他在地上畫了個圈]
前前后后字符顛倒,
圣賢名號掐尾去頭,
天宮諸宿相關(guān)等等,
顆顆流星黃道諸宮,
個個魂靈唯命是從。
無須懼怕什么,浮士德,堅決一些,
把魔力發(fā)揮到極致吧。
[麥菲斯托菲利斯以龍形現(xiàn)身]
我命你回去換一副模樣來;
你這么丑陋如何侍奉我。
回去,變成一個圣方濟(jì)各教派的老修士來;
那副神圣的模樣最適合一個魔鬼了。[麥菲斯托菲利斯下]
我看到了我咒語中神秘的力量,
誰能如此精通這種技巧?
這麥菲斯托菲利斯是如此聽話,
真是服服帖帖、畢恭畢敬。
現(xiàn)在,浮士德,你真是魔法界的魁首,
竟然可以使喚起麥菲斯托菲利斯來;
快來,麥菲斯托菲利斯,變作修士的樣子!
[麥菲斯托菲利斯扮修士重上]
麥菲:
來了,浮士德,你想讓我做些什么?
浮士德:
我命你在我有生之年侍奉我,
聽我的差遣去做任何事情,
不論是讓你摘天上的月亮,
還是用大海淹沒整個世界。
麥菲:
可我是魔鬼撒旦的奴仆,
沒有他的許可是不能為你做事的;
沒有他的命令我們什么都不能做。
浮士德:
他命令你到我這里來了嗎?
麥菲:
沒有,我到這里來是因為自己的緣故。
浮士德:
難道你不是聽到了我的咒語而出現(xiàn)的?
老實說!
麥菲:
是因為這個,可這也是很偶然的。
因為我們只要一聽到有人在詛咒上帝的名字,
要放棄《圣經(jīng)》和他的救主基督,
我們就會飛來,希望得到他榮耀的靈魂;
如果他不是使用這樣的手段,我們是不會來的,
由此他正處在可能遭到上帝懲罰的危險之中;
因此最快捷的做法——
就是勇敢地放棄對圣父、圣子和圣靈的信仰,
轉(zhuǎn)而虔誠地膜拜地獄的王子。
浮士德:
我正是憑著這個信仰來做的,
只有一個主神就是魔鬼撒旦,
我愿將一切奉獻(xiàn)給他。
那“上帝的懲罰”幾個字嚇不倒我,
因為我已經(jīng)分不清地獄和福地的區(qū)別了;
讓我的靈魂去和那些古時的哲人在一起吧!
可現(xiàn)在先把這些有關(guān)鬼魂的瑣事放一放,
給我講講你們的主子撒旦吧。
麥菲:
他是所有魂靈至高無上的統(tǒng)治者。
浮士德:
撒旦原來不也是天使嗎?
麥菲:
是的,浮士德,他是上帝最寵愛的一個。
浮士德:
可怎么回事呢,他竟然成了魔鬼的王子?
麥菲:
哦,是因為他對尊嚴(yán)的渴望和他的傲慢,
上帝把他逐出了天堂。
浮士德:
可你們?yōu)槭裁锤谝黄鹉兀?/p>
麥菲:
都是些心懷不滿的天使,
跟著撒旦密謀反對上帝,
然后隨撒旦一起受到了永久的懲罰。
浮士德:
他們在哪里呢?
麥菲:
在地獄。
浮士德:
怎么回事呢,你是怎么逃出地獄的?
麥菲:
嘿,這里就是地獄,我并沒有逃出去:
你想想我是見識過上帝容貌的人,
也品嘗過天堂中永恒快樂的滋味,
現(xiàn)在被剝奪了享受無盡福祉的權(quán)利,
難道不像是在萬重地獄里受著折磨?
浮士德,別再用這些瑣碎的問題折磨我了,
它們在我脆弱的心里引起了恐慌。
浮士德:
啊,難道麥菲斯托菲利斯也會如此感傷,
因為被剝奪了天堂中的快樂?
從我這里學(xué)一學(xué)男人的堅強(qiáng)吧,
把這些你永遠(yuǎn)不會再有的快樂拋在一邊吧。
去,把這些消息告訴偉大的撒旦:
說我愿意死后不得復(fù)生,
因我已經(jīng)徹底放棄了上帝具有神性的想法,
說我愿意將我的靈魂與他做個交換,
讓他給我24年的時間,
讓我在你的服侍下,
享遍人世間的奢華,
給我一切我所想得到的,
告訴一切我所想知道的,
毀滅我的敵人,幫助我的朋友,
總是按我的意志行事。
去,轉(zhuǎn)告強(qiáng)大的撒旦。
午夜時分在我的書房見,
然后告訴我他的決定。
麥菲:
好的,浮士德。[下]
浮士德:
如果我的靈魂能和天上的星星一樣多,
我會全部拿它們?nèi)ズ望湻扑雇蟹评菇粨Q!
有了他,我會成為世上最偉大的君主,
我會在狂風(fēng)中建造一座橋梁,
帶著我的人馬跨越大海;
我會掃清那些固守著非洲沿岸的山脈,
使它們與西班牙連成一體,
再都臣服于我;
沒有我的許可,皇帝也活不下去,
還有德國的當(dāng)權(quán)者。
現(xiàn)在我已得到了我想要的,
我得去好好想想這魔法的事了,
直到麥菲斯托菲利斯回來。[下]
When you want knowledge like you want air under water then you will get it.
——Socrates
當(dāng)你需要知識就像你在水底需要空氣時,你準(zhǔn)能得到它。
——古希臘哲學(xué)家 蘇格拉底
實戰(zhàn)提升
作者介紹
克里斯托夫·馬洛(1564—1593)是英國文藝復(fù)興時期的杰出代表,被稱為“大學(xué)才子”。在他短暫的一生中,他完成了六部劇本的創(chuàng)作。其中最負(fù)盛名的有《帖木兒大帝》《浮士德博士的悲劇》《馬耳他島的猶太人》和《愛德華二世》。除劇本外,馬洛還寫下了《海洛與勒安得耳》和《激情的牧人致心愛的姑娘》兩首詩。
單詞注解
gloomy[5^lu:mi]adj.陰暗的;陰沉的
breviate[5bri:viit]n.摘記;breviated是形容詞,意為“縮短的”
command[kE5mB:nd]n./v.命令,指揮
conjuring[5kQndVEriN]n.魔術(shù);adj.魔術(shù)的
terrify[5terifai]v.使害怕,使恐懼
obedient[E5bi:djEnt]adj.服從的,順從的
potentate[5pEutEnteit]n.君主;統(tǒng)治者
名句大搜索
我命你回去換一副模樣來;你這么丑陋如何侍奉我。
他是所有魂靈至高無上的統(tǒng)治者。
沒有我的許可,皇帝也活不下去,還有德國的當(dāng)權(quán)者。