英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí):5招讓你更聰明地學(xué)習(xí)

How to Study Smarter

怎樣更加聰明地學(xué)習(xí)

There are a few adjustments you can make to your normal study routine to make the most of your time and effort. These adjustments are based on a few scientific discoveries about learning.

為了最大限度地利用好你的時(shí)間和努力，你可以對(duì)自己的日常學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃做一些如下的調(diào)整。這些建議是基于一些關(guān)于學(xué)習(xí)的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)。

?We learn over time with repetition.

通過(guò)重復(fù)來(lái)一次次地學(xué)習(xí)

?We learn from active experience.

通過(guò)活動(dòng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)

?We learn through comparison.

通過(guò)比較來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)

?We learn by testing ourselves.

通過(guò)自測(cè)來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)

1.Time and Repetition

時(shí)間和重復(fù)

Some studies on brain science have shown that the practice of revisiting informationenhances learning. In other words, it is a good idea to study material more than one time, over a period of days.

一些關(guān)于腦科學(xué)的研究表明，回顧信息的實(shí)踐可以加強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)效果。也就是說(shuō)，在一段時(shí)期內(nèi)，多次地學(xué)習(xí)材料是一個(gè)好方法。

To study smarter, then, you should start your study session a few days ahead of time and study a few hours, walk away from the material, and study the same material again a few days later.

為了更加聰明地學(xué)習(xí)，你應(yīng)該提前幾天開(kāi)始著手你的學(xué)習(xí)單元，學(xué)習(xí)幾個(gè)小時(shí)，然后暫時(shí)放棄，幾天后又再次學(xué)習(xí)。

2.Learn Through Experience

從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中學(xué)習(xí)

There are indications that our brains love to make associations or “connections” when we read or observe something new. It seems that the more we enhance the experience as we read, the more we may retain.

當(dāng)我們?cè)陂喿x或觀察新的事物時(shí)，我們的大腦會(huì)出現(xiàn)建立聯(lián)系的跡象。似乎我們?cè)绞羌訌?qiáng)閱讀經(jīng)驗(yàn)，能記住的東西也就越多。

As you study, you should incorporate active study strategies like drawing images, writing outlines, and repeating (into a mirror) what you’ve learned from memory.

當(dāng)你學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候，你可以吸收一些積極的學(xué)習(xí)模式，例如畫圖、寫大綱、根據(jù)記憶（在鏡子前）重復(fù)。

It is also a good idea to study in a variety of places and environments to stimulate more associations. For example, you could study once in a quiet library and again in a very different environment, like a park or your own room.

在不同的地方或環(huán)境里學(xué)習(xí)，也是一個(gè)促進(jìn)更多聯(lián)系的好辦法。例如，你可以現(xiàn)在安靜的圖書(shū)館里學(xué)習(xí)，然后在另一個(gè)截然不同的環(huán)境里學(xué)習(xí)，例如公園或自己的房間。

3.Comparing As We Study

在學(xué)習(xí)中比較

We understand new things by comparing them to things we already know.

我

們通過(guò)將所學(xué)的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行比較來(lái)理解新事物。

To demonstrate this, try to describe a lime to someone who has never encountered one. Your depiction might go something like this:

為了演示，你可以向一個(gè)從沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)酸橙的人描述酸橙。你的描述可能是這樣的：

“It’s like a lemon, but it’s green. It tastes and smells like a mix between a lemon and a tomato vine.”

它像個(gè)檸檬，但卻是綠色的。它的味道和氣味介于檸檬和西紅柿之間。

That person would most likely be able to identify a lime easily, because he or she will be able to consult stored knowledge to conjure new information (the imagined taste of a lime).

別人就會(huì)很容易地理解酸橙是什么，因?yàn)樗麄兛梢詮囊延械闹R(shí)中得出新的信息（想象酸橙的味道）。

Any time you study new material, your brain consults stored knowledge to make sense of the new things you’re encountering. For example, if you live in the United States and you are required to learn about communism, you will most likely learn by comparing that system to a system you already know, like capitalism.

任何時(shí)候，當(dāng)你學(xué)習(xí)新的知識(shí)，你的大腦會(huì)通過(guò)查閱已有的知識(shí)來(lái)理解你所遇到的新的事物。例如，如果你是個(gè)美國(guó)人，別人要求你學(xué)習(xí)共產(chǎn)主義的知識(shí)，你很可能會(huì)通過(guò)將共產(chǎn)主義和你已經(jīng)了解的一種制度進(jìn)行比較，例如資本主義，從而進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)。

When you study terms to prepare for a test, you should always select two terms at the same time and describe the differences between them.

當(dāng)你為了準(zhǔn)備考試而學(xué)習(xí)術(shù)語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，你應(yīng)該同時(shí)選出兩個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)，描述它們的不同點(diǎn)。

4.Learning By Testing

從測(cè)試中學(xué)習(xí)

Recent studies tell us that learning is enhanced through trial and error. When it comes to studying effectively, it turns out that testing is one of the best ways to prepare for testing!

近來(lái)的研究成果告訴我們，通過(guò)反復(fù)的嘗試和錯(cuò)誤，學(xué)習(xí)效果能得到加強(qiáng)。要想取得學(xué)習(xí)效果，測(cè)試其實(shí)就是備考的最佳方法之一！

There is good evidence that the very best way for you to learn is to take a series of practice tests. This means that the process of trying to answer questions, getting questions wrong, discovering why you were wrong, and correcting yourself—is the smartest study strategy of all.

有充分的證據(jù)表明，學(xué)習(xí)的最佳方式就是完成一系列的測(cè)驗(yàn)。這意味著回答問(wèn)題、出錯(cuò)、發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)在哪兒以及改正的過(guò)程是最聰明的學(xué)習(xí)模式。

Of course, if you want to do this right, you should have someone else prepare a few practice tests for you. This can be easy: just find a partner (or a group) and write questions for each other.

當(dāng)然，如果你想做到這些，就得讓別人為你準(zhǔn)備測(cè)驗(yàn)。這很簡(jiǎn)單：找一個(gè)搭檔（或小組），然后相互出題。

In summary, the science says this: if you want to study harder and smarter, you should start early, find a study partner, get active, and test yourself.

總的來(lái)說(shuō)，科學(xué)研究表明：如果你想更刻苦、更聰明地學(xué)習(xí)，就要早做準(zhǔn)備，找一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)搭檔，積極主動(dòng)起來(lái)，給自己做測(cè)驗(yàn)。

5. 找一個(gè)比你專業(yè)的人指導(dǎo)

聞道有先后，術(shù)業(yè)有專攻。遇到語(yǔ)言問(wèn)題久攻不下不代表學(xué)習(xí)能力存在不足，更多的是與學(xué)習(xí)方法有關(guān)。尋求專業(yè)的人員指導(dǎo)，效果事半功倍。