30個(gè)重要術(shù)語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)翻譯 翻譯過(guò)程中如何運(yùn)用相應(yīng)技巧
翻譯過(guò)程中如何運(yùn)用相應(yīng)的技巧?
(一)標(biāo)題的翻譯。這篇小說(shuō)的標(biāo)題看似簡(jiǎn)單，只有一個(gè)單詞，但卻是整篇小說(shuō)的核心和靈魂，是對(duì)小說(shuō)內(nèi)容的概括，在翻譯標(biāo)題時(shí)，要結(jié)合文章主題、文化語(yǔ)境等多方面的因素來(lái)考慮，以便使這個(gè)標(biāo)題起到畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛的作用。
(二)專有名詞的翻譯。這篇小說(shuō)中出現(xiàn)了很多涉及體育運(yùn)動(dòng)和法律方面的專有詞匯，對(duì)于其詞義的確定很重要。在《英漢互譯實(shí)用教程》這本書(shū)中提出：“確定詞義很不容易，但又很重要。弄錯(cuò)了，往往會(huì)貽笑大方或造成實(shí)際工作中的很大失誤。”因此，在確定詞義的時(shí)候一定要結(jié)合上下文的理解，查閱字典和相關(guān)資料，弄清楚確切含義，否則會(huì)讓譯作黯然失色。
(三)長(zhǎng)句的翻譯。這篇小說(shuō)中有一些長(zhǎng)句，需要認(rèn)真斟酌，也是翻譯中的難點(diǎn)。翻譯英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句，通常有兩種方法：一是將長(zhǎng)句拆成短句;二是打亂原文結(jié)構(gòu)，重新組合。
(四)對(duì)話的翻譯。小說(shuō)中的人物對(duì)話，是推動(dòng)小說(shuō)情節(jié)的發(fā)展，交代作品某些背景材料的重要手段。同時(shí)人物對(duì)話能展現(xiàn)人物性格，使人物形象生動(dòng)地躍然于紙上。因此在翻譯對(duì)話的時(shí)候要注意措詞符合人物的身份、地位及性格。同時(shí)，由于口語(yǔ)有別于書(shū)面語(yǔ)，應(yīng)盡量做到言簡(jiǎn)意賅。
(五)風(fēng)格的保持?，F(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言學(xué)認(rèn)為，風(fēng)格的產(chǎn)生必須借助于特定的語(yǔ)言形式：句法、語(yǔ)法、修辭以及語(yǔ)境和銜接。也就是說(shuō)風(fēng)格，第一是就文本來(lái)說(shuō)，看是散文、小說(shuō)呢，還是科技材料;第二，是看原文人物的好壞，原文的詞義色彩，是褒義還是貶義。這兩點(diǎn)綜合考慮在胸，就大體把握了風(fēng)格問(wèn)題。對(duì)于這篇小說(shuō)，為了保持原有作品的風(fēng)格，一方面采取直譯的地方為多數(shù)，因?yàn)樽骷业默F(xiàn)實(shí)主義基調(diào)，采用直譯能更好地保持作品原有的味道。另一方面雖然譯者盡量直譯，但當(dāng)直譯無(wú)法達(dá)意時(shí)，也采用直譯加注釋或意譯的手法。
30個(gè)重要術(shù)語(yǔ)的英語(yǔ)翻譯
1、“四個(gè)全面”戰(zhàn)略布局
【釋義】全面建成小康社會(huì)、全面深化改革、全面依法治國(guó)、全面從嚴(yán)治黨。
Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy
The Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy is to make comprehensive moves to:
1) finish building a moderately prosperous society;
2) deepen reform;
3) advance the law-based governance of China; and
4) strengthen Party self-discipline.
2、“兩個(gè)一百年”奮斗目標(biāo)
【釋義】在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨成立一百年時(shí)全面建成小康社會(huì)，在新中國(guó)成立一百年時(shí)建成富強(qiáng)民主文明和諧的社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化國(guó)家。
Two Centenary Goals
The Two Centenary Goals are: to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the time the Communist Party of China celebrates its centenary in 2021; and to turn China into a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, and harmonious by the time the People’s Republic of China celebrates its centenary in 2049.
3、三期疊加
simultaneously deal with the slowdown in economic growth, make difficult structural adjustments, and absorb the effects of previous economic stimulus policies
4、雙目標(biāo)
【例】保持中高速增長(zhǎng)和邁向中高端水平雙目標(biāo)。
dual objectives
We must focus on achieving the dual objectives of maintaining a medium-high rate of growth and moving toward a medium-high level of development.
5、雙引擎
【例】打造大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬(wàn)眾創(chuàng)新和增加公共產(chǎn)品、公共服務(wù)雙引擎。
twin engines
We need to develop twin engines – popular entrepreneurship and innovation, and greater supplies of public goods and services – to drive development.
6、新常態(tài)
【例】經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展進(jìn)入新常態(tài)，精神面貌要有新?tīng)顟B(tài)。
new normal
China’s economic development has entered a new normal, meaning we must adopt a new mindset.
7、高壓態(tài)勢(shì)
【例】始終保持反腐高壓態(tài)勢(shì)，對(duì)腐敗分子零容忍、嚴(yán)查處。
tough stance
Our tough stance on corruption is here to stay; our tolerance for corruption is zero, and anyone guilty of corruption will be dealt with severely.
8、硬骨頭
【例】啃了不少硬骨頭
tough issue
We tackled many tough issues.
9、攔路虎
【例】體制機(jī)制弊端和結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾是“攔路虎”。
tiger in the road
Institutional and structural problems have become “tigers in the road” holding up development.
10、扶上馬、送一程
【例】中小微企業(yè)大有可為，要扶上馬、送一程。
give (sb) a leg up to get (sb) going
Medium, small, and micro businesses can accomplish great things. We need to give them a leg up to get them going.
11、創(chuàng)客
【例】眾多“創(chuàng)客” 脫穎而出。
maker
We have seen great numbers of makers giving expression to their talents.
12、眾創(chuàng)空間
【例】發(fā)展眾創(chuàng)空間
maker space
develop maker spaces
13、中國(guó)制造2025
Made in China 2025 strategy
14、“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”行動(dòng)計(jì)劃
Internet Plus Action Plan
15、普惠金融
inclusive finance
16、稅收法定原則
principle of law-based taxation
17、保持戰(zhàn)略定力
maintain strategic focus
18、經(jīng)濟(jì)行穩(wěn)致遠(yuǎn)
maintain sustainable economic growth
19、強(qiáng)農(nóng)惠農(nóng)富農(nóng)
strengthen agriculture, benefit farmers, and raise rural living standards
20、健康穩(wěn)定的大國(guó)關(guān)系框架
a sound and stable framework for major-country relations
21、為公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)搭好舞臺(tái)
level the playing field for fair competition
22、織密織牢民生保障網(wǎng)
develop a tightly woven and sturdy safety net
23、讓更多的金融活水流向?qū)嶓w經(jīng)濟(jì)
allow more financial resources to be channeled into the real economy
24、從制造大國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)向制造強(qiáng)國(guó)
transform China from a manufacturer of quantity to one of quality
25、加強(qiáng)國(guó)際傳播能力建設(shè)
improve our ability to communicate effectively with international audiences
26、結(jié)構(gòu)性減稅和普遍性降費(fèi)
make structural tax reductions and cut fees across the board
27、精準(zhǔn)扶貧、精準(zhǔn)脫貧
take targeted measures to help people lift themselves out of poverty
28、以釋放市場(chǎng)活力對(duì)沖經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力
invigorate the market to offset downward economic pressure
29、保基本、兜底線、建機(jī)制
build up a basic safety net, ensure there is a cushion in place for those most in need, and make due institutional arrangements
30、有權(quán)不可任性
Power is not to be used arbitrarily.
