美國(guó)的“新聞聯(lián)播”長(zhǎng)啥樣兒？

在美國(guó)，最大的新聞機(jī)構(gòu)一共有三家：美國(guó)全國(guó)廣播公司（NBC）、美國(guó)廣播公司（ABC）和哥倫比亞廣播公司（CBS）。它們都力求做到主持人的個(gè)性化和播報(bào)形式的多樣化。 The three major news networks in the United States – NBC, ABC, and CBS – strive for unique personalities in their anchors, and a relatively fluid broadcast format.

　　因此美國(guó)的新聞節(jié)目通常糅合了多種報(bào)道形式，較常見(jiàn)的為演播室報(bào)道加嘉賓訪談，而一旦發(fā)生突發(fā)事件，主持人還會(huì)走出演播室，在事發(fā)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)進(jìn)行實(shí)地報(bào)道。 American news shows incorporate a mix of behind-the-desk reporting, guest interviews, and occasional off-site episodes, where anchors leave the studio to report directly from the site of breaking news.

　　觀眾們會(huì)根據(jù)自己對(duì)主持人的偏好而鎖定某個(gè)新聞?lì)l道。像NBC的主播布賴(lài)恩-威廉姆斯、ABC的主播查理－吉布森及CBS的主播凱蒂－庫(kù)里克都是全美知名的公眾人物，他們一步步從地方臺(tái)做起，最終成為媒體圈的大腕。 Viewers tend to remain loyal to one network or another based on their perceptions of each anchor person. Anchors Brian Williams (NBC), Charlie Gibson (ABC), and Katie Couric (CBS) are all well-known public figures who have worked their way up the media ladder from local stations to become network celebrities.

　　現(xiàn)在除了播報(bào)新聞，他們偶爾也會(huì)主持辯論或做客午夜喜劇節(jié)目，甚至?xí)诰C藝節(jié)目如《周六夜現(xiàn)場(chǎng)》上表演滑稽短劇，拿自己來(lái)開(kāi)涮。 They can also be seen off-set: hosting debates, showing up as guests on late-night comedy shows, and even making fun of themselves in skits like those on the comic variety show Saturday Night Live.

　　作為主播，他們需要具備嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)穆殬I(yè)口碑，而他們所扮演的角色往往決定了新聞的呈現(xiàn)方式。播報(bào)新聞之余，他們還會(huì)走出演播室，對(duì)政要及文化名流進(jìn)行深度訪談。 As anchors, they need serious journalistic credentials and they often play a role in determining how the news is presented. In addition to reporting from behind a desk, they go out into the field to conduct hard-hitting interviews with important political and cultural figures.

　　在2006年，CBS推出了第一位黃金檔新聞女主播——凱蒂－庫(kù)里克。她負(fù)責(zé)主持每晚6：30播出的《晚間新聞》。 In 2006, Katie Couric of CBS became the first woman to anchor a major prime time news program when she joined CBS's Evening News, which goes on the air nightly at 6:30 pm.

　　起初，她舉步維艱。由于過(guò)去只協(xié)助主持過(guò)綜藝娛樂(lè)節(jié)目《今日秀》，很多評(píng)論家認(rèn)為她不夠莊重嚴(yán)肅，不能勝任黃金檔新聞主播一職。 She got off to a rocky start. Some critics judged her by her past career as a co-host on the more casual, entertainment-based Today Show. They argued that she was not serious enough for the job of primetime news anchor.

　　然而，2008年，憑借一系列遠(yuǎn)赴阿拉斯加對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)副總統(tǒng)候選人莎拉－佩林的采訪，凱蒂在業(yè)界名聲鵲起。該采訪在黃金時(shí)間段播出后，她的忠實(shí)觀眾數(shù)量立馬飆升。 Yet her professional reputation – and her viewing audience – soared when she traveled to Alaska in 2008 to conduct a series of primetime interviews with then-vice-presidential candidate Sarah Palin.

　　鏡頭中的凱蒂－庫(kù)里克和佩林邊走邊談，遠(yuǎn)處是白雪覆蓋的皚皚重山和參天石油鉆塔。每當(dāng)佩林想要繞過(guò)某些敏感問(wèn)題時(shí)，凱蒂都表現(xiàn)得毫不退讓。 Couric took on-camera walks with Palin against a backdrop of snow-capped mountains and giant oil rigs. As the two women walked, Couric asked challenging questions and refused to back down when Palin appeared to struggle with answers.

　　該訪談致使佩林在觀眾心目中形象大跌。因此，對(duì)于佩林和競(jìng)選搭檔麥凱恩在11月最終大選中的落敗，很多人認(rèn)為與凱蒂不無(wú)關(guān)聯(lián)。 The interviews produced a less favorable impression of Palin among audience members. This lead many to believe that Couric's work contributed to Palin and her running mate John McCain's eventual defeat in the November elections.

　　更有甚者，年輕一些的觀眾已開(kāi)始被夜間新聞中的“個(gè)性派”所吸引。如今，有很多人干脆就跳過(guò)黃金檔，等到晚上11點(diǎn)再打開(kāi)電視，來(lái)收看《喬恩－斯圖爾特每日秀》的獨(dú)家社會(huì)新聞諷刺評(píng)論。 A younger generation of viewers is going even further to find appealing personalities on the nightly news. Today, many prefer to skip the primetime news altogether. Instead, they wait until 11 pm to switch on their TVs, when they can catch The Daily Show with Jon Stewart. Comedian-anchor Stewart delivers a unique brand of news, social commentary and satire.

　　《每日秀》以離奇、輕松的風(fēng)格報(bào)道突發(fā)事件，在眾多新聞欄目中獨(dú)樹(shù)一幟。它將聲畫(huà)效果與機(jī)智的雙關(guān)語(yǔ)融合起來(lái)，還經(jīng)常討論一些主流媒體避談的敏感話題。 The Daily Show has distinguished itself from other news programs by covering breaking stories in an offbeat, lighthearted style. It mixes sound effects, graphics, and witty wordplay. The show also addresses sensitive topics not generally covered by the mainstream media.

　　據(jù)一項(xiàng)2007年的調(diào)查顯示，喬恩－斯圖爾特名列美國(guó)最受歡迎主持人前四位。越來(lái)越多的大學(xué)生和年輕人將《喬恩－斯圖爾特每日秀》列為自己主要的新聞來(lái)源。 In a 2007 poll, Stewart ranked as one of the top four most admired anchors in the US. A rising number of college students and other young people have cited Stewart's Daily Show as their main source of news.

　　對(duì)于一個(gè)自稱(chēng)報(bào)道“假新聞”的“假主播”而言，這絕對(duì)是個(gè)不小的成就。而喬恩－斯圖爾特之所以能贏得源源不斷的忠實(shí)粉絲，都是源于“個(gè)性”二字。 For a man who has referred to himself as "fake anchor" delivering "fake news", this is no small accomplishment. To his loyal and growing audience, it's all about personality.