從里約到塞爾瑪，今年有多少紀(jì)念日

Anniversaries, From Rio to Selma

從里約到塞爾瑪，今年有多少紀(jì)念日

Anniversaries are great for catching a look in the rearview mirror, remembering where we came from and rethinking where we’re going.

周年紀(jì)念是回顧過去的好時(shí)機(jī)，可以回憶我們從哪里來，重新思考我們往哪里去。

This year will see the 2,000th anniversary of the city of Derbent, Russia, on the Caspian Sea; the 450th anniversary of Rio de Janeiro (to be celebrated all year long); the bicentennial celebrations of both the Battle of New Orleans and the Battle of Waterloo; and the 800th anniversary of the signing of Magna Carta, perhaps one of the earliest symbols of the struggle for civil liberties. (With regard to the latter, operas, tours and lectures abound, but the four remaining originals can be viewed only at Salisbury Cathedral, Lincoln Cathedral or the British Library, all of which are planning their own exhibitions and activities.)

今年是俄羅斯瀕臨里海的杰爾賓特市建市2000年;里約熱內(nèi)盧誕生450年(全年都會(huì)慶祝);新奧爾良戰(zhàn)役和滑鐵盧戰(zhàn)役200年紀(jì)念;《大憲章》 (Magna Carta)簽署800周年，它可能是最早的公民自由斗爭(zhēng)的象征之一(關(guān)于最后這項(xiàng)周年紀(jì)念，有很多歌劇、游覽和演講，但是留存下來的四份原件只能在索爾茲伯里大教堂、林肯大教堂或大英圖書館看到，這三個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)都在計(jì)劃自己的展覽和活動(dòng))。

For a young(ish) country like the United States, which commemorates some of its grittiest history this year, there is still a lot to be learned.

美國(guó)這樣比較年輕的國(guó)家還有很多可學(xué)的，今年它也將紀(jì)念自己歷史上最動(dòng)蕩的一些時(shí)刻。

Alabama is ready to welcome an estimated 30,000 visitors to Selma in March for the 50th anniversary of the civil rights marches that led to the Voting Rights Act of 1965. And an ever-growing list of concerts (one featuring Patti LaBelle), educational tours, balls and galas will bookend the two most significant events: a re-enactment of Bloody Sunday, the first attempted march, which was violently stamped out by authorities just blocks from its start (March 8); and, in commemoration of the second, successful march, just two weeks later, a 54-mile journey led by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., the Montgomery neighborhood of St. Jude hosts a Freedom March festival (March 24).

今年3月，阿拉巴馬州將迎接大約三萬名游客來到塞爾瑪，紀(jì)念民權(quán)游行50周年，該游行促成了1965年的《投票權(quán)法案》(Voting Rights Act)。屆時(shí)將會(huì)舉辦很多音樂會(huì)(其中一場(chǎng)將由帕蒂·拉貝爾[Patti LaBelle]領(lǐng)銜)、教育旅行、舞會(huì)和晚會(huì)，來紀(jì)念兩次最重要的游行：第一次游行發(fā)生在3月8日，剛走出幾個(gè)街區(qū)就被當(dāng)局殘暴鎮(zhèn)壓了，被稱為血腥星期天;兩周后的第二次游行很成功，由小馬丁·路德·金博士(Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，游行了54英里。蒙哥馬利市的圣猶大區(qū)將舉辦自由游行節(jié)(3月24日)，以示紀(jì)念。

Of course, there’s never a shortage of re-enactments when it comes to the Civil War, and the Civil War Trust has planned several in the months leading up to and through the 150th anniversary of Gen. Robert E. Lee’s surrender to the Union Army in April. Numerous other festivities center on the Appomattox Court House National Historical Park in Virginia, which is helping to organize narrations of historical events, cavalry demonstrations, a formal ball and a period chorale concert (April 8 to 19).

當(dāng)然，重演美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的的活動(dòng)一向都有很多，內(nèi)戰(zhàn)信托組織(Civil War Trust)已經(jīng)策劃了幾場(chǎng)活動(dòng)，將在4月份，羅伯特·E·李將軍(Robert E. Lee)向聯(lián)邦軍隊(duì)投降150周年紀(jì)念日前后舉行。其他很多慶?；顒?dòng)將在弗吉尼亞州阿波馬托克斯的國(guó)家歷史公園舉行，該州還將組織歷史事件講述會(huì)、騎兵游行、一場(chǎng)正式舞會(huì)和一場(chǎng)古裝贊美詩音樂會(huì)(4月8日至19日)。

The 150th anniversary of the assassination of President Lincoln will be observed with round-the-clock dramatic retellings of the event at Ford’s Theater in Washington (April 14 to 15); and in Springfield, Ill., there will be a re-creation of Lincoln’s funeral train to Oakridge Cemetery, helped in part by descendants of his original pallbearers (May 1 to 3).

在林肯總統(tǒng)遇刺150周年之際，華盛頓特區(qū)的福特劇院將24小時(shí)不間斷重演該事件(4月14日至15日)。伊利諾伊州斯普林菲爾德將重現(xiàn)前往橡樹山棱墓園的林肯送葬長(zhǎng)隊(duì)，這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)得到了當(dāng)年護(hù)柩員后裔們的幫助。

If you like the sounds of the Avett Brothers or Bob Dylan or revel in the weathered voices of Woody Guthrie, Pete Seeger or Huddie William Ledbetter, better known as Lead Belly, you owe the late Alan Lomax a thank you. And what better time than during the centennial year of his birth?

如果你喜歡艾維特兄弟(Avett Brothers)或鮑勃·迪倫(Bob Dylan)的聲音，或者喜歡沉浸在伍迪·格斯里(Woody Guthrie)、皮特·西格(Pete Seeger)或胡迪·威廉·萊德貝特(Huddie William Ledbetter，他更著名的稱呼是“鉛肚皮”[Lead Belly])滄桑的歌聲中，那你要感謝已故的艾倫·洛馬克斯(Alan Lomax)。在他百年誕辰之際表達(dá)謝意最合適了。

An ethnomusicologist and folklorist, Lomax, with the help of his father, John Avery Lomax, traveled from swamp to mountain in the early 1930s, gathering the most diverse collection of folk music recordings ever documented. (They are available at the Library of Congress, which in 2000 named Lomax an actual “living legend.”)

洛馬克斯是一位民族音樂學(xué)家和民俗學(xué)家。20世紀(jì)30年代初，在父親約翰·艾弗里·洛馬克斯(John Avery Lomax)的幫助下，他走遍沼澤和山脈，收集民謠，他收集的錄音是最多樣化的(在美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)圖書館可以聽到他收集的錄音，2000年該館稱贊洛馬克斯是真正的“活著的傳奇”)。