hemisphere半球;
equator赤道;
meridian經(jīng)線;
parallel緯線;
latitude緯度;
longitude經(jīng)度;
time zone時區(qū);
altitude海拔;
horizon地平線;
sea level海平面;
plain平原;
plateau/highland高原/高地;
lowland低地;
basin盆地;
slope坡地;
cavern洞穴;
valley山谷/溪谷;
canyon峽谷;
rift裂谷;
channel/strait海峽;
continental shelf大陸架;
mountain ranges山脈;
river bed河床;
ocean bottom海床;
archipelago群島;
peninsular半島;
coral/volcanic island珊瑚/火山島。