前國(guó)際奧委會(huì)主席薩馬蘭奇逝世

Juan Antonio Samaranch 1910-2010
胡安•安東尼奧•薩馬蘭奇(Juan Antonio Samaranch) 1920-2010

As president of the International Olympic Committee for 21 years starting in 1980, Juan Antonio Samaranch led a transformation of the Games into a highly commercialized spectacle of professional athletes, one that nations compete to host.
薩馬蘭奇自1980年起擔(dān)任國(guó)際奧林匹克委員會(huì)(International Olympic Committee)主席。在任21年間，他推行的改革把奧運(yùn)會(huì)變成了一場(chǎng)職業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的盛會(huì)，一個(gè)各國(guó)爭(zhēng)相主辦的、高度商業(yè)化的盛事。

Mr. Samaranch, who died Wednesday at age 89, oversaw the elimination of amateurism, a cornerstone of the Olympics since their revival in 1896 by Pierre de Coubertin. He also led the Games into increasingly lucrative television contracts and corporate sponsorships that rescued the IOC's finances.
薩馬蘭奇于周三去世，享年89歲。在他的指導(dǎo)下，奧運(yùn)會(huì)摒棄了業(yè)余原則。自1896年顧拜旦(Pierre de Coubertin)恢復(fù)舉辦奧運(yùn)會(huì)以來(lái)，這曾一直是奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)的基石。他還帶領(lǐng)奧運(yùn)會(huì)獲得了利潤(rùn)越來(lái)越豐厚的電視轉(zhuǎn)播合同和企業(yè)贊助，挽救了國(guó)際奧委會(huì)的財(cái)務(wù)。

But with the increase in prestige and finance came a series of bribery scandals surrounding the awarding of the 2002 Winter Games to Salt Lake City. Also under Mr. Samaranch's leadership, doping scandals emerged. To his credit, Mr. Samaranch instituted organizational reforms to address the bribing of IOC members, but for much of Mr. Samaranch's tenure the IOC seemed deficient in detecting drug use.
但就在他的聲望不斷升高、國(guó)際奧委會(huì)的資金愈發(fā)充裕之際，美國(guó)鹽湖城獲得2002年冬奧會(huì)主辦權(quán)一事爆出一系列賄賂丑聞。運(yùn)動(dòng)員服用禁藥的丑聞也出現(xiàn)在薩馬蘭奇擔(dān)任主席期間。值得稱(chēng)贊的是，薩馬蘭奇對(duì)奧委會(huì)組織進(jìn)行了改革以解決成員受賄的問(wèn)題。但他在任期間，對(duì)違禁藥品的檢測(cè)仍顯不足。

The son of a prosperous Barcelona textile manufacturer, he joined the Spanish Olympic Committee, and led Spanish teams to the Olympics starting in 1956. In 1966, he was named Spain's minister of sports.
但就在他的聲望不斷升高、國(guó)際奧委會(huì)的資金愈發(fā)充裕之際，美國(guó)鹽湖城獲得2002年冬奧會(huì)主辦權(quán)一事爆出一系列賄賂丑聞。運(yùn)動(dòng)員服用禁藥的丑聞也出現(xiàn)在薩馬蘭奇擔(dān)任主席期間。值得稱(chēng)贊的是，薩馬蘭奇對(duì)奧委會(huì)組織進(jìn)行了改革以解決成員受賄的問(wèn)題。但他在任期間，對(duì)違禁藥品的檢測(cè)仍顯不足。

In 1977, Mr. Samaranch became Spain's ambassador to the Soviet Union. His experience came in handy in the run-up to the 1980 Moscow Olympics, after which he was elected president of the IOC.
1977年，薩馬蘭奇成為西班牙駐蘇聯(lián)大使。在1980年莫斯科奧運(yùn)會(huì)前夕，他過(guò)去的經(jīng)歷派上了用場(chǎng)。莫斯科奧運(yùn)會(huì)后，他當(dāng)選國(guó)際奧委會(huì)主席。

The IOC was in disarray, nearly bankrupt, and the Olympic movement seemed on the wane. Mr. Samaranch engineered a turnaround, helped by the 1984 Los Angeles Games, which were widely deemed successful.
當(dāng)時(shí)，國(guó)際奧委會(huì)正陷入一片混亂，幾近破產(chǎn)，奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)似乎正逐漸衰落。在薩馬蘭奇的推動(dòng)下，奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)以1984年洛杉磯奧運(yùn)會(huì)為契機(jī)成功逆轉(zhuǎn)，外界廣泛認(rèn)為洛杉磯奧運(yùn)會(huì)十分成功。

After Los Angeles, cities around the world began to vie to host Olympiads. Corporate sponsorships and TV contracts surged. To maximize interest, the IOC moved the winter and summer Games to separate years in the early 1990s.
洛杉磯奧運(yùn)會(huì)之后，世界各大城市開(kāi)始爭(zhēng)奪奧運(yùn)會(huì)的主辦權(quán)。企業(yè)贊助和電視轉(zhuǎn)播合同激增。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)利益最大化，國(guó)際奧委會(huì)于上世紀(jì)90年代初將冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)和夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)的舉辦時(shí)間錯(cuò)開(kāi)到不同年份。

As the IOC's fortunes multiplied, Mr. Samaranch demanded he be referred to as 'your excellency,' and insisted on lavish surroundings.
隨著國(guó)際奧委會(huì)的財(cái)富不斷增多，薩馬蘭奇要求別人稱(chēng)其為“閣下”，并堅(jiān)持要講排場(chǎng)。

'He was very regal, but also gracious,' says Neal Pilson, president of CBS Sports in the 1990s, when he led negotiations to cover three winter Olympics.
皮爾森 (Neal Pilson)說(shuō)，薩馬蘭奇派頭十足，但也很親切。皮爾森上世紀(jì)90年代擔(dān)任CBS體育部總裁期間通過(guò)談判獲得了三屆冬奧會(huì)的轉(zhuǎn)播權(quán)。

Mr. Samaranch weathered the Salt Lake City scandal and retired in 2001 after 21 years as IOC president. In retirement he headed the Olympic Museum he founded in Lausanne, Switzerland. He also helped organize unsuccessful bids for Spain to host the 2012 and 2016 Games
薩馬蘭奇擔(dān)任國(guó)際奧委會(huì)主席長(zhǎng)達(dá)21年。他挺過(guò)了鹽湖城丑聞危機(jī)，并于2001年退休。之后，他在由他創(chuàng)辦的瑞士洛桑奧林匹克博物館擔(dān)任主席一職。他還幫助組織了西班牙申辦2012年和2016年奧運(yùn)會(huì)的行動(dòng)，但未獲成功。