蓋茨駁斥美國(guó)政客保護(hù)主義論調(diào)

Microsoft founder Bill Gates has attacked DonaldTrump’s brand of protectionist politics, arguing thatas “the biggest beneficiary by far” of globalisation,the US would suffer from any move to hinderinternational trade.

微軟(Microsoft)創(chuàng)始人比爾•蓋茨(Bill Gates)抨擊唐納德•特朗普(Donald Trump)倡導(dǎo)的那種保護(hù)主義政治。蓋茨稱(chēng)，美國(guó)是全球化“遙遙領(lǐng)先的最大受益者”，任何阻礙國(guó)際貿(mào)易的舉動(dòng)對(duì)美國(guó)都是不利的。

Mr Gates said he was also worried about the prospectof UK voters in June voting to leave the EU and other signs of Europe turning inward.

蓋茨表示，他還擔(dān)心英國(guó)選民6月投票決定退出歐盟的可能性，以及歐洲出現(xiàn)的其他閉關(guān)自守跡象。

“I’m not a UK voter and they get to decide,” he said in an interview with the Financial Times. “[But] the benefits to the UK of being in [the EU], in my view, greatly exceed the benefits ofbeing out.”

“我不是英國(guó)選民，決定權(quán)在他們手里，”他在接受英國(guó)《金融時(shí)報(bào)》采訪時(shí)表示。“但是在我看來(lái)，留在歐盟為英國(guó)帶來(lái)的好處大大超過(guò)退出的好處。”

The billionaire philanthropist said no one in the business community was in effect arguing forthe benefits of trade, despite the protectionist rhetoric in this year’s US presidentialcampaign.

這位億萬(wàn)富豪慈善家表示，盡管今年美國(guó)總統(tǒng)大選的競(jìng)選期間出現(xiàn)保護(hù)主義論調(diào)，但商界沒(méi)有人站出來(lái)肯定貿(mào)易帶來(lái)的好處。

As a result, candidates such as Mr Trump, the Republican frontrunner, and Democrat BernieSanders, both of whom advocate forcing US companies to bring manufacturing home andtearing up existing US trade agreements, have been largely unchallenged.

其結(jié)果是，身為共和黨總統(tǒng)候選人領(lǐng)跑者的特朗普和民主黨總統(tǒng)候選人角逐者伯尼•桑德斯(Bernie Sanders)迄今基本上未受挑戰(zhàn);這兩人都主張迫使美國(guó)企業(yè)把制造業(yè)遷回國(guó)內(nèi)，同時(shí)撕毀美國(guó)現(xiàn)有的貿(mào)易協(xié)定。

Mr Gates, who has supported Hillary Clinton, the leading Democratic candidate, in pastelections, but who has also donated money to the Republicans, said such policies were based ona fundamental misunderstanding of the modern US economy.

蓋茨表示，這種政策是基于對(duì)現(xiàn)代美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的一個(gè)根本誤解。蓋茨曾在以往的選舉中支持過(guò)民主黨的希拉里•克林頓(Hillary Clinton)，但也曾向共和黨捐款。

“Who is the monster winner of all time in scale economic business — software, airplanes,pharmaceuticals, movies? Mmm. I wonder who that is?” he asked rhetorically.

“誰(shuí)是規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)業(yè)務(wù)(軟件、飛機(jī)、制藥、電影)的史上最大贏家?嗯。那是誰(shuí)?”他反問(wèn)道。

“I haven’t watched many [Nigerian] Nollywood or [Indian] Bollywood movies recently, sorry. [The big winner is] the US,” he said. “We’re the big beneficiary of globalisation . . . It’s thebiggest beneficiary by far.”

“我最近沒(méi)有看過(guò)多少(尼日利亞)諾萊塢或者(印度)寶萊塢電影，對(duì)不起。(大贏家是)美國(guó)，”他說(shuō)。“我們是全球化最大的受益者……而且是遙遙領(lǐng)先的最大受益者。”

Asked about the policies of Mr Trump and Mr Sanders, he argued that US economic strengthwas built on companies such as Boeing and Microsoft, which hire highly paid engineers andspend billions of dollars on research, since they focus on a global market of 7bn rather than adomestic one of 330m.

在被問(wèn)及對(duì)特朗普和桑德斯的政策的看法時(shí)，蓋茨辯稱(chēng)美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力是建立在波音(Boeing)、微軟等企業(yè)基礎(chǔ)上的，這些企業(yè)高薪聘請(qǐng)工程技術(shù)人員，并向研發(fā)投入巨額資金，因?yàn)樗鼈兠嫦?0億人的全球市場(chǎng)，而不是3.3億人的美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)。

That meant that the country’s capacity for innovation in areas such as pharmaceuticals waslinked to globalisation, he said.

他表示，這意味著美國(guó)在醫(yī)藥等領(lǐng)域的創(chuàng)新能力是與全球化掛鉤的。

“We’ve taken for granted too much that people understand that consumers being able to buy avariety of goods and having price competition on those goods and us being the big winner inthese scale markets . . . is a huge thing,” he added.

“我們太想當(dāng)然了，以為人們明白，消費(fèi)者能夠買(mǎi)到各種商品，并且受益于這些商品的價(jià)格競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，美國(guó)還是這些規(guī)模市場(chǎng)的贏家……是一件大事，”他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)。

“I wish for a week that we could shut down trade and then, you know, Boeing, Microsoft,Hollywood, pharma would resize their R&D departments for a couple of weeks for fun. Andthen two weeks later people would go ‘Holy smokes, that was not a very good deal’.”

“假如我們能夠停止貿(mào)易一周，然后，波音、微軟、好萊塢、制藥企業(yè)為了好玩，在兩個(gè)星期期間調(diào)整各自研發(fā)部門(mén)的規(guī)模。然后再過(guò)兩個(gè)星期，人們會(huì)說(shuō)‘天哪，那不是一個(gè)劃算的安排’”。

He compared some policies advocated in the US campaign with the attempts of countries suchas Nigeria and Venezuela to erect trade barriers to defend their currencies.

他把美國(guó)大選競(jìng)選期間出爐的政見(jiàn)與尼日利亞和委內(nèi)瑞拉等國(guó)為了捍衛(wèi)其貨幣而設(shè)置的貿(mào)易壁壘相提并論。

“Shutting down international trade has real costs and somebody — it shouldn’t have anything todo with either of the parties — but somebody really has got to remind people why this has beengood,” Mr Gates said.

“關(guān)閉國(guó)際貿(mào)易是有切實(shí)代價(jià)的，有人——這與兩黨中的哪一個(gè)黨都不應(yīng)該有什么關(guān)系——真的得提醒人們，貿(mào)易為什么是一件好事，”蓋茨表示。