空氣污染造成全球每年經(jīng)濟(jì)損失達(dá)2.6萬(wàn)億美元

　　Toxic air isn’t just bad for human lungs and the environment, it’s also terrible for the global economy, according a new report.

　　一項(xiàng)最新報(bào)告顯示，有毒的空氣不僅對(duì)人類(lèi)的肺部和環(huán)境有害，而且對(duì)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)也相當(dāng)不利。

　　Outdoor air pollution could cost the world a whopping $2.6 trillion a year, or 1% of global GDP, by 2060, says the study by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. The costs are a result of sick days, medical bills and reduced agricultural output.

　　據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)展組織的研究，空氣污染正在造成誤工、醫(yī)療費(fèi)用增加及農(nóng)產(chǎn)量減少，到2060年，室外空氣污染使全球經(jīng)濟(jì)每年損失2.6萬(wàn)億美元，占全球GDP的1%。

　　Countries like China, Russia and India, which are already wrestling with severe pollution, are expected to be hit especially hard.

　　像中國(guó)、俄羅斯和印度這樣正在遭受?chē)?yán)重污染的國(guó)家，估計(jì)受到的損失更為慘重。

　　Pollution could also lead to as many as 9 million premature deaths by 2060. Welfare costs associated with these deadly consequences are projected to rise to as much as $25 trillion over the same period. The amount associated with paying for the pain and suffering from illness -- for example, hospital admissions -- is estimated to hit $2.2 trillion.

　　到2060年，空氣污染還可能導(dǎo)致多達(dá)900萬(wàn)人過(guò)早死亡，從而導(dǎo)致同期的福利支出預(yù)計(jì)也將上升到25萬(wàn)億美元。因?yàn)椴⊥磳?dǎo)致的醫(yī)療支出——比如住院費(fèi)用，據(jù)估計(jì)將高達(dá)2.2萬(wàn)億美元。

　　"The potential economic consequences of both the market and non-market impacts of outdoor air pollution are very significant," said the report, recommending policies to reduce polluting emissions. It said it focused on the effects of outdoor pollution specifically because it’s expected to get worse in the coming decades.

　　“戶外空氣污染的市場(chǎng)和非市場(chǎng)的潛在經(jīng)濟(jì)后果非常有意義。”該報(bào)告表示，并推薦一些政策以減少污染物排放。它表示將集中研究室外污染的影響，主要是由于在未來(lái)幾十年里空氣將變得更糟。

　　The highest number of related premature deaths are in China and India, which are among the most polluted countries in the world. Last December, Beijing city officials issued its highest smog warning for the first time.

　　污染引起的過(guò)早死亡人數(shù)最多的國(guó)家是中國(guó)和印度，它們是全球污染最嚴(yán)重的國(guó)家。去年12月，北京市政府首次啟動(dòng)了最高級(jí)別的霧霾警報(bào)。

　　The OECD report calls for targeted, local policies to try to tackle the problem. "There is no one-size-fits-all recipe for reducing the impacts of air pollution as there are large differences among countries in terms of prevalent pollutants and sources," it said.

　　經(jīng)合組織在報(bào)告中呼吁有針對(duì)性的、結(jié)合當(dāng)?shù)氐那闆r來(lái)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。它說(shuō)，“不同的國(guó)家主要污染物的特點(diǎn)及起源不同，所以，降低空氣污染沒(méi)有萬(wàn)全之策。”

　　The policies it suggests include incentives for cleaner technologies, and tougher standards for air quality, automobile emission and fuel quality standards.

　　其建議的政策包括：鼓勵(lì)發(fā)展清潔技術(shù)，更嚴(yán)格的空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，汽車(chē)尾氣排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及燃料質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。