德國：生父鑒定需說性伴侶

Germany's justice ministry has drawn up a change in the law which would require mothers in certain paternity cases to reveal who they had slept with. 
德國司法部日前起草修訂一條法規(guī)，要求卷入特定父子血緣訴訟案的母親說出她們的性伴侶。

The measure would apply when men who had supported a child, believing that they were the father, sought financial redress in court. 
如果男性認(rèn)為自己是孩子的父親，并曾供養(yǎng)他/她，那么他在法院要求經(jīng)濟(jì)賠償時，可以采取此措施。

They could thus more easily claim maintenance back from the actual biological father. 
他們要求孩子事實上的生父補(bǔ)償撫養(yǎng)費也會更加容易。

Women would only have the right to remain silent with "serious reasons". 
女性只有在有“嚴(yán)肅理由”的情況下才可以保持沉默。

Justice Minister Heiko Maas said (in German): "We need to offer more legal protection for 'false' fathers to seek financial compensation". 
德國司法部長?？?bull;馬斯說：“我們要為那些申請經(jīng)濟(jì)補(bǔ)償?shù)?lsquo;假’父親提供更多的法律保護(hù)。”

The precise wording of the new paragraph states that the mother would be obliged to provide information to the man on "who has lain with her during the conception period". 
這一新法律條文的措辭指出，母親一方有義務(wù)提交在“受孕期間與誰共寢”的男性信息。

Men in this situation were already able to try to claim back money paid for a child that was not theirs. 
此前，那些撫養(yǎng)了不是自己孩子的父親已經(jīng)可以要求索賠撫養(yǎng)費。

The draft change follows a ruling by Germany's highest court in March 2015 that there was no legal basis to force mothers of so-called "cuckoo children", in German slang, to name the biological father. 
在這一法律計劃修正前，德國最高法院曾在2015年3月作出一項裁決：強(qiáng)令那些“布谷鳥小孩”（德國俚語）的媽媽說出孩子的親生父親沒有法律依據(jù)。

The draft changes, which will require parliamentary approval, also limit the "false" father's financial claim to two years' worth of maintenance costs. Previously this was open-ended. 
此項修改草案需要議會批準(zhǔn)，但在做出以上改變的同時，也限制“假”父親們只能索賠兩年的撫養(yǎng)費，此前類似索賠沒有時間上的限制。

A 2005 review of studies into so-called paternal discrepancy published in the British Medical Journal found that the rate was around 4% - meaning one in 25 children is biologically fathered by someone other than the man who believes he is the father. 
2005年《英國醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》上有一篇調(diào)查文章稱，父親養(yǎng)育非親生子女的比例大約是4%。也就是說，二十五個孩子中有一個孩子是被自認(rèn)為是生父的非親生父親撫養(yǎng)大的。